Synthesis and Characterisation of Strontium Bismuth TitanateCeramics via High-energy Mechanical Milling

Abstract

The processing conditions, microstructure, and dielectric properties of strontium bismuth titanate (SBT) were systematically studied. The specimen was synthesised by a mechano-chemical processing route using a planetary ball mill. It is important that the action is vigorous enough to break up loose aggregates and a fine particle size is obtained. The specimen was calcined at 800 o C for 4 h. The calcined samples were subjected to cold isostatic pressing (CIP) process and finally sintered at 1200 o C for 2 h. A relative density 90 per cent of the theoretical density was obtained. Pellets having a diameter of 1cm and thickness of 1 mm were prepared from the sintered compacts for electrical measurements. X-ray diffraction showed that a single phase with the layered perovskite structure of SBT was formed. Morphological studies were carried out by SEM analysis. Frequency dependence of impedance can provide additional insight into mechanisms controlling the electrical response. Resonance studies were made on poled sample in the frequency range 100 kHz -20 MHz using an impedance analyser (HP-4294A) interfaced to a computer at room temperature. Dielectric measurements in the frequency range 100 Hz-1 MHz were made using an impedance analyser (HP-4192A) interfaced to a computer and the measurements were carried out from room temperature to 550 o C. The ferroelectric hysteresis loop was measured using a standard ferroelectric analyser based on Sawyer-tower circuit. Elastic compliance (s 33 , s 11 ) coupling factor (k 33 , k 31 )were also obtained. These materials can be utilised in practical applications as substitutes for lead titanate and lead zirconate titanate (PZT)-based ceramics, where high temperature applications are foreseen.Keywords: Strontium bismuth titanate, synthesis, characterisation, resonance, dielectric measurement, SBT, perovskite, mechano-chemical processing

Lead-Free Piezoelectric Materials for Medical Diligence

“…The indispensable building blocks of proteins present in homo sapiens are amino acids. As reported by Fukuda and researchers, these structures predominate over molecules such as elastin, collagen, and keratin and in the organs [2][3][4][5].…”

“…Using the desired die of known diameter, the samples are pressed into pellets. The pellets are then sintered at 1200 C to obtain the final densified samples [2,3].…”

Structure–Property Correlation and Harvesting Power from Vibrations of Aerospace Vehicles by Nanocrystalline La–Pb(Ni1/3Sb2/3)–PbZrTiO3 Ferroelectric Ceramics Synthesized by Mechanical Activation

“…In the course of time, it was also widely used by several researchers for the preparation of nano‐PZT‐based materials. Effect of MA parameters like duration, rpm, etc., on structural, dielectric, and piezoelectric properties were studied for PZT at morphotropic phase boundary (MPB), Gd‐doped PZT, PMN–PZT‐based compounds, FeNbLi‐doped PZT, La‐doped PZT, etc., and for lead‐free materials like strontium bismuth titanate …”

“…Effect of MA parameters like duration, rpm, etc., on structural, dielectric, and piezoelectric properties were studied for PZT at morphotropic phase boundary (MPB), 15,17 Gd-doped PZT, 18 PMN-PZT-based compounds, 19 FeNbLi-doped PZT, 20 La-doped PZT, 24 etc., and for lead-free materials like strontium bismuth titanate. 25 Complex perovskite solid solution, Pb(Ni 1/3 Sb 2/3 )O 3 -PbZrTiO 3 [PNS-PZT], has been studied by some of the researchers around its MPB of PNS-PZ-PT (ie, 0.12 PNS-0.40 PZ-0.48 PT) for a range of compositional modifications, processing parameters, and their effects on dielectric and piezoelectric properties. [26][27][28][29][30] These studies related to PNS-PZT were restricted to the compositional powder particles in micrometer-sized regime.…”