The non‐toxicity or good biocompatibility is an inevitable requirement for thermosensitive polymers because of their extensive biomedical applications. In this investigation, a facile and instructional guidance is developed for the molecular design of the thermosensitive polymeric material. A family of thermosensitive poly(lysine ester‐diacetoxy tartaric acid)s (PLEDT) with good biocompatibility is then designed and successfully prepared on the basis of natural lysine and tartaric acid. The structure of the monomers and polymers is systematically confirmed by Fourier transfrom IR (FTIR) spectroscopy, 1H NMR, elemental analysis, and gel‐permeation chromatography (GPC) measurements. The temperature‐dependent characteristics from UV data reveals that PLEDT shows a reversible lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of about 7–35 °C depending on the molecular weight, concentration, and the salt. Additionally, the high viability of HeLa cells by 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay demonstrates no detectable cytotoxicity of PLEDT at all test concentrations up to 100 μg mL−1. In conclusion, the novel thermosensitive PLEDT with good biocompatibility can be a promising material in the biomedical field.