“…Secondly, the black magnetite particles were covered with silica based on the Stöber method [19]: the black magnetite was ultrasonically dispersed into a mixture of ethanol-water solution, NH 4 OH and TEOS, and the mixture was stirred for 6 h to produce the core-shell structured Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 which was collected with an external magnet and washed sequentially with water and ethanol. Thirdly, the Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 was redispersed into 150 mL ethanol/water (v:v, 1:1) solution, and stirred with 200 μL of APTMS under N 2 protection at 40°C for 8 h to introduce amine groups on the surface of Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 [20]. Finally, the aminomodified particles Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 -NH 2 were stirred with 10% succinic anhydride in DMF solution under nitrogen atmosphere for 3 h at room temperature, to obtain the final carboxyl-modified magnetic nanoparticles Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 -NH 2 -COOH, which after centrifugation and washing with water, were dried under vacuum at 40°C [21].…”