Synthesis and characterization of a water‐soluble sulfonates copolymer of acrylamide and N‐allylbenzamide as enhanced oil recovery chemical

Abstract

A novel water-soluble polymer was prepared by copolymerization and sulfomethylation using acrylamide (AM) and Nallylbenzamide (NABI) as raw materials under mild conditions. The effects of ratio of AM to NABI, initiator concentration, reaction temperature, pH, and monomer concentration on the copolymerization were studied. The sulfonates copolymer was characterized by infrared (IR) spectroscopy, 1 H NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and atomic force microscopy (AFM). It was found that the sulfonates copolymer could achieve up to 25%, 30% retention rate of the viscosity at a high temperature (120 C) and a vigorous shear condition (1000 s À1 ). It was also found that the sulfonates copolymer had moderate salt tolerance (NaCl, CaCl 2 , and MgCl 2 Á6H 2 O) and its viscosity could be restored to the original value when the shear rate changed from 170 to 510 s À1 and 510 to 170 s À1 . At last, the enhanced oil recovery (EOR) of the sulfonates copolymer was tested by core flood, and with up to 10.6% EOR was afforded in presence of 5000 mg/L NaCl brine at 60 C.

Review on Polymer Flooding: Rheology, Adsorption, Stability, and Field Applications of Various Polymer Systems

“…110 Liu et al 111 synthesized a sulfonated copolymer of acrylamide (AM) and Nphenylmaleimide (N-PMI) and reported a 60% viscosity retention at 85 • C and a 9.5% additional oil recovery for the sulfonated copolymer. Ye et al 112 synthesized AM-Nallylbenzamide (NABI) copolymer of AM-NABI and AM-NABI-sodium (acrylamido) methanesulfonate (SAM) terpolymer, for which salt and temperature tolerance were better than HPAM but viscosity retention was only 25% at 120 • C. Poly (acrylic acid-st-1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) was synthesized using acrylic acid and N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone monomers instead of AM, 113 which showed a strong resistance to alkali and a better oil recovery compared to HPAM. Under similar conditions 47% recovery was reported compared to 41% recovery with HPAM.…”

A review on applications of nanotechnology in the enhanced oil recovery part A: effects of nanoparticles on interfacial tension

“…However, the current widely used polymers, polyacrylamide (PAM) and partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM), cannot completely meet the requirements due to the hydrolysis, degradation, and others under high temperature or high salinity [49]. Furthermore, PAM and HPAM have poor shear resistance [50][51][52][53].…”

Modification of a nicotinic acid functionalized water‐soluble acrylamide sulfonate copolymer for chemically enhanced oil recovery

“…We obtained the relationship between the temperature and apparent viscosity by changing the temperature from 30 to 120 C under a constant shear rate of 170 s 21 , and we investigated the relationship between the shear rate and apparent viscosity at 30 C by varying the shear rate at a range of 7.34-1000 s 21 .…”

“…30,38 Shear Tolerance of the Copolymers The shear tolerance of the copolymers (2.0 g/L) was investigated, as shown in Figure 7(a). It was clear that the apparent viscosity of the copolymers decreased sharply under a shear rate of 3.7-200 s…”

“…[24][25][26][27][28] Previous studies in our laboratory confirmed that sulfomethylation is an efficient way to introduce the ASO 3 2 group into copolymers because it can give the copolymer remarkable antishearing ability, temperature resistance, and salt tolerance with simple operation and economic feasibility. 29,30 Hence, in this study, N,N-diallyl nicotinamide (DANA) was synthesized as described in the literature; 31,32 it was copolymerized with sodium acrylate (NaAA) and AM to obtain an AM/AA/ DANA copolymer. Furthermore, the ASO 3 2 group was used in AM/AA/DANA via sulfomethylation with the aim of improving the temperature tolerance and shear tolerance of the copolymer (Scheme 1).…”