Synthesis and characterization of an anticratering agent based on APTES for cathodic electrocoatings

Seraj, Sanaz; Ranjbar, Zahra; Jannesari, Ali

doi:10.1016/j.porgcoat.2014.05.018

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In particular, APTS has been frequently used, as extensively studied by Bakhshandeh et al and Seraja et al [19][20][21]. It possesses three hydrolysable ethoxy groups that, thanks to silanols condensation, can be grafted onto the surface of sol-gel silica.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conversely, the aminopropyl group is not hydrolysable and may react with the epoxy rings similarly to amine hardeners; this way, it may promote a very good compatibilization effect. It turns out that the formation of one network can exert a control on the growth of the other, thereby creating conditions that lead to a wide range of morphologies at the nanometer length scale, including the co-continuous morphology [14,21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of post cure treatment in the glass transformation range on the structure and fire behavior of in situ generated silica/epoxy hybrids

Bifulco

Tescione

Capasso

et al. 2018

J Sol-Gel Sci Technol

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Effects of post cure treatment in the glass transformation range on the structure and fire behavior of in situ generated silica/epoxy hybrids Abstract A new "in situ" sol-gel synthesis procedure was exploited to produce silica/epoxy nanocomposites with 6 wt.% maximum silica content. 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTS) was used as a coupling agent. The experimental results (fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy, FTIR, small-angle X-ray scattering, SAXS, transmission electron microscopy, TEM, nuclear magnetic resonance, NMR, and dynamic mechanical analysis, DMA) support that the structure consists of nanosized silica particles (maximum 1.25 nm in size) embedded in a hybrid co-continuous network. A post cure non-isothermal heating from 15 to 100°C (beyond the Tg of the neat epoxy) caused Tg and storage modulus to increase. The fire behavior, that, owing to severe regulations (i.e., in aerospace engineering), often prevents composites applications, was also studied. The formed silica domains prevented melt dripping phenomena during vertical flame spread tests. Cone calorimetry tests showed a remarkable decrease of the heat release rate (HRR) for all the hybrid systems with respect to the neat cured resin, even at very low silica loadings (i.e., 2 wt.%). This decrease was much more pronounced for the hybrid structures that were not subjected to the post cure thermal treatment. The use of multiple structural investigation techniques allowed to choose among multiple hypothesis and conclude that nanoparticles clustering is the main reason of the effects of the post curing treatments. Graphical Abstract SAXS of the samples before (EPO) and after (EPO_t) post cure thermal treatment in the glass transformation range. Effect of the post cure on the glass transformation temperature (Tg) and heat release rate (HRR) Photos of samples EPO and EPO 2% Si after vertical flame spread tests Highlights• A hybrid co-continuous network embedding nanoparticles (maximum 1.25 nm in size) was obtained;• A post-cure was performed above the glass transformation temperature, T g , of neat epoxy;• The post cure makes T g , storage modulus and Heat Release Rate (HRR) to increase;• No dripping in flame test and up to 40% HRR reduction for only 2 wt.% silica content is observed;• The post cure effects depend on nanoparticles clustering in the glass transformation range.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of post cure treatment in the glass transformation range on the structure and fire behavior of in situ generated silica/epoxy hybrids

Bifulco

Tescione

Capasso

et al. 2018

J Sol-Gel Sci Technol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The second layer, which consists of (Aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES), is also beneficial in providing a hydrophobic surface. In addition, through the attachment of functional group from APTES, namely primary amines, a more reactive group is present at the wood surface to establish covalent bonds, since the amine groups are capable of reacting with the epoxy functionalities from the adhesive [ 15 , 16 ]. Contact angle measurements confirmed the hydrophobic behaviour of the wood treatment and it could also be shown by penetration studies that the silanization treatment influences the extent of adhesive penetration in the wood scaffold.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing the performance of beech-timber concrete hybrids by a wood surface pre-treatment using sol-gel chemistry

Kostic

Meier

Cabane

et al. 2018

Heliyon

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Timber-concrete composites require reliable connections between both components, which are usually obtained by metal fasteners or slots in the wood. In this study, an alternative approach is presented based on a fully glued connection in combination with a primer treated wood surface, to enhance the compatibility and the adhesion properties at the interface between beech wood and concrete. Prior to the gluing and the concrete application in a wet-on-wet process, the wood surface was functionalised with a xerogel obtained by means of a sol-gel process, consisting of two layers of silane nanofilms, with different functional groups, which are capable of undergoing further chemical crosslinking reactions with the adhesive. The coating with its functionalities allows for reducing the penetration of the epoxy adhesives into the wood structure and an additional chemical connection to the adhesive can be established. The main objective of this study was to analyse the effect of the surface treatment on the mechanical properties of such composites in 3-point and 4-point bending tests as well as push-out-tests. The results showed that the pre-treatment can improve the load bearing capacity of the timber-concrete composites, but that a ductile behaviour cannot be achieved with the tested adhesives.

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“…It is obvious that when θ = 0, the liquid droplet completely wets the solid surface. A general rule for a liquid to wet the substrate it is placed on is that the spreading coefficient, S = W a − W c , must be positive, where W a is the work of adhesion and W c work of cohesion . The spreading coefficient can be intuitively understood in that the liquid will completely wet the surface if its attraction with the substrate is stronger than its attraction with itself.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If the surface energy of the surface to be painted is fixed, then the surface tension of the paint should be as small as possible for the paint to wet the surface. Therefore, for a paint to work well with a surface, a paint formulation requires the use of surfactants to reduce the surface tension of the paint . Paint formulators typically incorporate either hydrocarbon, siloxane or fluorocarbon surfactants into their paint formulations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry analysis of paint craters

Bloomfield

Nie

2017

Surface & Interface Analysis

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Localized sudden changes in the surface energy of a surface to be painted are commonly held responsible for causing paint craters. However, it is not necessarily an easy task to identify the material(s) that produced the defects. Automotive paint cratering, when it happens, often requires immediate identification of its causes because the product line may have to be shut down until the problem is solved. For the past 18 years, Surface Science Western has applied time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS), among other techniques, to help its clients in the automotive industry identify the chemicals responsible for producing paint craters. In this article, we demonstrate that ToF-SIMS is a unique and powerful technique in identifying the chemicals such as siloxane, fluorocarbons and fatty acids that are responsible for causing paint craters. We further show that the chemicals can be foreign contaminants, as well as segregation of additives in the paint systems, and even from contaminated solvents used in the paint. When the chemicals causing the paint craters can be identified by ToF-SIMS analysis, the automotive company can often track down the primary source and remove the root cause. As such, surface analysis and in particular ToF-SIMS is invaluable in understanding paint cratering for both the surface analysis research community and paint manufacturers and users.

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Synthesis and characterization of an anticratering agent based on APTES for cathodic electrocoatings

Cited by 13 publications

References 27 publications

Effects of post cure treatment in the glass transformation range on the structure and fire behavior of in situ generated silica/epoxy hybrids

Effects of post cure treatment in the glass transformation range on the structure and fire behavior of in situ generated silica/epoxy hybrids

Enhancing the performance of beech-timber concrete hybrids by a wood surface pre-treatment using sol-gel chemistry

Time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry analysis of paint craters

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