Synthesis and Characterization of Bio-oil-Based Self-Curing Epoxy Resin

Abstract

A novel self-curing epoxy resin was synthesized using bio-oil. Bio-oil was produced by hydrothermal liquefaction of loblolly pine and utilized as a biopolyol in the synthesis of bio-oil-based epoxy resin (BOBER) for the first time. Hydroxyl groups in bio-oil were analyzed by quantitative 31 P NMR. It was found that not only does the total hydroxyl number of bio-oil influence the yield and epoxy equivalent weight of BOBER, but also the distribution of hydroxyl groups within bio-oil (aliphatic, phenolic, and acidic OH) played an important role in the determination of the optimum amount of catalyst in the synthesis of BOBER. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis proved the self-curing phenomena of BOBER, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy suggested that etherification reaction was the dominate reaction during the self-curing. Glass transition temperature, cross-linking density, and the storage modulus of self-cured BOBER were calculated using a dynamic mechanical analyzer.

Preparation of Renewable Epoxy-Amine Resins With Tunable Thermo-Mechanical Properties, Wettability and Degradation Abilities From Lignocellulose- and Plant Oils-Derived Components

“…Although DGEBA, upon curing with diamines, leads to cross-linked materials with exceptional properties such as strong adhesion, mechanical integrity and chemical resistance, BPA is recognized as an endocrine disruptive chemical and many studies have been conducted to replace it by innocuous bio-based chemicals. Lignans and lignin-derived chemicals that can be obtained through pyrolysis (Celikbag et al, 2017; Barde et al, 2018) or controlled depolymerization (Pandey and Kim, 2011; Shuai et al, 2016) are the most used biomass-derived chemical platforms for the design of bio-based BPA-substitutes, for the preparation of sustainable thermosets with high thermo-mechanical properties. Indeed, the aromatic moieties present in these bio-based chemicals confer rigidity to the resulting polymers (Wang et al, 2017; Feghali et al, 2018).…”

Promising Techniques for Depolymerization of Lignin into Value‐added Chemicals

“…Even though numerous steps of extraction or distillation are used to separate the bio‐oil, pure components can hardly be isolated due to the complexity . However, the mixture is a good feedstock for production of biofuel via hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) process, and for synthesis of polymers as a phenol source …”

Preparation of highly phenol substituted bio‐oil–phenol–formaldehyde adhesives with enhanced bonding performance using furfural as crosslinking agent

“…The efficient utilization of bio‐oil and furfural is an important topic. Especially, their potential applications in the field of adhesives and resins have been explored in recent years …”

“…Especially, their potential applications in the field of adhesives and resins have been explored in recent years. [16][17][18][19] Bio-oil has been applied in the preparation of bio-oil-phenolformaldehyde (BPF) adhesives. [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] Some researchers have employed a mixture of phenol-formaldehyde (PF) and bio-oil to prepare BPF adhesives.…”