Synthesis and Characterization of Bio-Oil Phenol Formaldehyde Resin Used to Fabricate Phenolic Based Materials

Abstract

In this study, bio-oil from the fast pyrolysis of renewable biomass was used as the raw material to synthesize bio-oil phenol formaldehyde (BPF) resin—a desirable resin for fabricating phenolic-based material. During the synthesis process, paraformaldehyde was used to achieve the requirement of high solid content and low viscosity. The properties of BPF resins were tested. Results indicated that BPF resin with the bio-oil addition of 20% had good performance on oxygen index and bending strength, indicating that adding bio-oil could modify the fire resistance and brittleness of PF resin. The thermal curing behavior and heat resistance of BPF resins were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). Results showed that adding bio-oil had an impact on curing characteristics and thermal degradation process of PF resin, but the influence was insignificant when the addition was relatively low. The chemical structure and surface characteristics of BPF resins were determined by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The analysis demonstrated that adding bio-oil in the amount of 20% was able to improve the crosslinking degree and form more hydrocarbon chains in PF resin.

Overall Investigation of Poly (Phenylene Sulfide) from Synthesis and Process to Applications—A Review

“…This is an obvious drawback which needs to be overcome when these resins used. [59] PF (phenol-formaldehyde) resins and their reinforced materials can also resist harsh thermal conditions, they can be used as carbon-mineral materials by blending with other substances and they also have other applications [60][61][62] ; however, researchers should also consider their adhesive and toughness properties during applications.…”

Study of the toxicological characteristics of water-soluble surface-active substances obtained based on phenol, formaldehyde and sodium sulphite

“…In the textile industry, as an auxiliary substance in the production of optical brighteners, rectifiers for dyeing fabrics are used. In the paint industry in the production of organic dyes and as latex stabilizers, surfactants are also used as a component of plasticizing additives in the construction industry [1][2][3].…”

Synergistic Effects of Aluminum Diethylphosphinate and Melamine on Improving the Flame Retardancy of Phenolic Resin

“…Wang used hydrobromic acid(HBr) and hydroiodic acid(HI) as reagents to demethylate an alkali lignin (AL) to increase its hydroxyl content and measured different thermal properties and performance of phenolic resins [9]. Yong and Yu used bio-oil as the raw material to synthesize bio-oil phenol formaldehyde resin desirable resin for fabricating phenolic-based material, which the thermal curing behavior and heat resistance of bio-oil phenol formaldehyde resins were investigated [10,11].…”