“…However, they can potentially agglomerate in their suspension form thus reducing their activity as well as their potential for recyclability. Further, the suspended TiO 2 nanoparticles impose health hazards due to their potential nanotoxicity, as nanoscale TiO 2 powders are not easily recoverable from the solution after water treatment [89]. In addition, it has been suggested that penetration depth of light is limited because of strong absorption by both, the catalyst nanoparticles and dissolved organic species [65].…”