Synthesis and characterization of cardanol containing tetra-functional fluorene-based benzoxazine resin having two different oxazine ring structures

Chen, Yupeng; He, Xiangming; Dayo, Abdul Qadeer; Wang, Junyi; Liu, Wenbin; Wang, Jun; Tang, Tao

doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2019.121620

Cited by 31 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Due to the wide range of selectivity of raw materials, it provides benzoxazines with molecular design flexibility and can meet the practical requirement by designing different monomer structures [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. For example, the tetra-functional fluorene-based benzoxazine resin (t-BF-a-c) was synthesized, which exhibits an exothermal peak at 276°C, and displays good processability and wide process window(60°C) due to the incorporation of cardanol [21]. The main merits of PBZs include excellent mechanical and thermal properties, high char-formation ability [2,22], low dielectric loss [23], low water absorption [24][25][26][27][28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low melting point, high thermal stable branched benzoxazines resin derived from mixed-substituted phosphazene core

Ma¹,

Qiu²,

Liu³

2020

Express Polym. Lett.

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Six fluorine-containing, mix-substituted phosphazene-based branched benzoxazine monomers with a low melting point were successfully prepared and their chemical structures were verified by 1 H, 13 C, 31 P and 19 F nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). These branched benzoxazine resins underwent thermal ring-opening polymerization to form cured polymers with high thermal stability both in N 2 atmosphere and in air. The co-substituents, both m-CF 3 PhOH and p-CF 3 PhOH, imposed significant effects on processing, thermal, and surface properties of corresponding polybenzoxazines. Non-isothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) under diverse heating rates was adopted to investigate the curing kinetics and determine the activation energy of polymerization. DSC results indicate that the m-CF 3 PhO-/p-CF 3 PhO-groups have the potential to lower ring-opening polymerization temperature. Glass transition temperatures (T g s) of polybenzoxazines derived from p-CF 3 PhOH are higher than that of polymers derived from m-CF 3 PhOH due to different steric hindrance and crosslinking density. More interesting, all polybenzoxazines show relatively high dielectric constant but exhibit low dielectric loss at ambient temperature.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low melting point, high thermal stable branched benzoxazines resin derived from mixed-substituted phosphazene core

Ma¹,

Qiu²,

Liu³

2020

Express Polym. Lett.

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“…With the extreme consumption of fossil energy, energy crises and environmental problems have become an issue that cannot be avoided and must be addressed positively. Therefore, the use of renewable bio‐based compounds instead of traditional fossil‐based compounds to prepare polymer materials has attracted many researchers . Benzoxazine monomer is prepared through dehydration to a ring by a Mannich condensation reaction based on a phenol source, an amine source and a formaldehyde solution or paraformaldehyde.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and properties of a novel bio‐based benzoxazine resin with excellent low‐temperature curing ability

Zhan

Yan

Yin

et al. 2019

Polymer International

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A novel bio‐based benzoxazine resin (diphenolic acid/furfurylamine benzoxazine resin, PDPA‐F‐Boz) was prepared by using bio‐based diphenolic acid, furfurylamine and paraformaldehyde as raw materials. The structure of DPA‐F‐Boz monomer was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 1H NMR and 13C NMR, and then its curing reaction and the thermal stability of the cured PDPA‐F‐Boz were analyzed. Compared with the traditional fossil‐based benzoxazine (bisphenol A/aniline benzoxazine, BPA‐A‐Boz) and the bio‐based benzoxazine (diphenolic acid/aniline benzoxazine, DPA‐A‐Boz), DPA‐F‐Boz monomer showed the lowest curing temperature, and PDPA‐F‐Boz had the highest residual char ratio at 800 °C and the lowest degradation rate at the peak temperature. Meanwhile, the total heat release, peak heat release rate and heat release capacity of PDPA‐F‐Boz were much lower than those of PBPA‐A‐Boz and PDPA‐A‐Boz. Thus, PDPA‐F‐Boz showed excellent low‐temperature curing ability and thermal stability. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry

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“…Figure 6 shows the TG and DTG curves of benzoxazine and polybenzoxazine foams with different contents of phenolic resin. The initial decomposition temperatures corresponding to 5 and 10 wt% temperatures (T 5% and T 10% ) and char yield (Y c ) at 800°C [ 30 ] are summarized in Table 2.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the system with both phenolic resin and imidazole, the corresponding T onset and T peak decreased further (Table 1, entry 3), which is ascribed to the synergistic effect of these two compounds. The possible mechanism of the foam modification principle of phenolic resin and imidazole are shown in yield (Y c ) at 800 C [30] are summarized in Table 2. benzoxazine, PBZ-0 and polybenzoxazine foams with phenolic resin exhibit obvious decomposition at 272 C, which may be due to the mass loss from imidazole that is not fully reacted in the polybenzoxazine foam system.…”

Section: Curing Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and characterization of polybenzoxazine foam with flame retardancy

Zhou

et al. 2020

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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Polybenzoxazine foam was successfully prepared using phenolic resin as modifier and catalyst. The structural properties, curing behavior, thermal stability, cellular structure, mechanical properties and flame retardancy properties of the foam were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), compression tests, limiting oxygen index (LOI) tests and cone calorimetry test, respectively. The experimental results indicated that both phenolic resin and imidazole catalyzed the curing process of benzoxazine and that the curing temperature decreased obviously. The polybenzoxazine foam loaded with different contents of phenolic resin showed an isotropic cellular structure with relative densities ranging from 116 to 185 kg/m 3 , and the compressive strength and compressive modulus could reach as high as 0.512 and 7.21 MPa, respectively. In addition, the cone calorimeter test results showed that the average heat release rate (av-HRR), total heat release (THR) and total smoke production (TSP) of PBZ-7.5 reduced, which indicated that the polybenzoxazine has satisfactory flame retardancy with the addition of phenolic resin.

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Synthesis and characterization of cardanol containing tetra-functional fluorene-based benzoxazine resin having two different oxazine ring structures

Cited by 31 publications

References 28 publications

Low melting point, high thermal stable branched benzoxazines resin derived from mixed-substituted phosphazene core

Low melting point, high thermal stable branched benzoxazines resin derived from mixed-substituted phosphazene core

Synthesis and properties of a novel bio‐based benzoxazine resin with excellent low‐temperature curing ability

Preparation and characterization of polybenzoxazine foam with flame retardancy

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