Synthesis and characterization of cationic copolymers of butylacrylate and [3-(methacryloylamino)-propyl]trimethylammonium chloride

Abstract

Cationic copolymers of butylacrylate (BA) and [3‐(methacryloylamino)‐propyl]trimethylammonium chloride (MAPTAC) were synthesized by free‐radical‐solution polymerization in methanol and ethanol. An FT‐Raman Spectrometer and NMR were used to monitor the polymerization process. The copolymers were characterized by light scattering, NMR, DSC, and thermogravimetric analysis. It was found that random copolymers could be prepared, and the molar fractions of BA and cationic monomers in the copolymers were close to the feed ratios. The copolymer prepared in methanol had a higher molecular weight than that prepared in ethanol. As the cationic monomer content increased, the glass‐transition temperature (Tg) of the copolymer also increased, whereas the thermal stability decreased. The reactivity ratios for the monomers were evaluated. The copolymerization of BA (M1) with MAPTAC (M2) gave reactivity ratios such as r1 = 0.92 and r2 = 2.61 in ethanol as well as r1 = 0.79 and r2 = 0.90 in methanol. This study indicated that a random copolymer containing a hydrophobic monomer (BA) and a cationic hydrophilic monomer (MAPTAC) could be prepared in a proper polar solvent such as methanol or ethanol. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 39: 1031–1039, 2001

Alkaline anion-exchange radiation-grafted membranes for possible electrochemical application in fuel cells

“…22 Bands at 1633 and 1408 cm -1 in the spectrum of VBC associated with the C=C str. and in plane bend respectively 23 were not present in the spectra of the grafted materials. The only difference between the Raman spectra of P1 and P2 was that the poly(vinylbenzyl chloride) bands for the latter were more intense relative to the PVDF bands, confirming the higher d.o.g.…”

“…Two obstacles found with the use of commercially available proton-exchange membranes (PEMs) that inhibit application of DMFCs are (i) the relatively low activity and high costs of methanol electro-oxidation catalysts and (ii) parasitic methanol crossover. 4 This parasitic crossover reduces the operational voltage and power that can be achieved; traditionally, to minimise crossover, the methanol is diluted in water (1-2 mol dm 23 ) which means a lower energy density. Inefficient catalysis was the principal reason why liquid electrolyte (hydrogen-fuelled) alkaline fuel cells (AFCs) were developed to a significant level.…”

“…5a This is coupled with the recent growing interest in the literature and patents on using anion-exchange membranes (AEMs) in fuel cells; 6 examples being recent work on alkali doping of poly(ethylene oxide) 6e or poly(benzimidazole) 6f polymers. The thermal stability of a commercially available, but undisclosed, AEM with benzyltrimethylammonium moieties radiation-grafted onto PTFE membranes was good up to temperatures of 50-60 uC in sodium hydroxide (6 mol dm 23 ) solution; 7 this is a suitable maximum temperature range for the application of the above mentioned membranes in portable devices.…”

Water‐soluble/dispersible cationic pressure‐sensitive adhesives. I. Adhesives from solution polymerization

“…Therefore, a polar solvent that can dissolve both monomers and copolymers should be used for preparing this type of copolymer. The effects of solvents on the reaction kinetics and polymer structures were reported previously 15. For the polymers used in this study, ethanol was used as a solvent.…”

“…The effects of solvents on the reaction kinetics and polymer structures were reported previously. 15 For the polymers used in this study, ethanol was used as a solvent. A typical example for the PSA synthesis is as follows.…”