Synthesis and characterization of cellulose acetate extracted from paper waste

Effects of reaction conditions on the degree of substitution in acetylated nanocellulose

“…It was noted that when reaction time increased, DS increased. This trend was also observed by [10]. Interestingly, the highest DS could be obtained at the highest temperature (70 C) although DS decreased as reaction temperature increased from 50 to 60 C.…”

“…Acetylation experiments were carried out in a 500-mL three-necked flask equipped with an electromagnetic stirrer, a reflux condenser, and a thermometer. The process was similar to the experimental set up in [10]. 2 g CNC was dispersed in an acetic acid solution with 1.6 mL of 98 wt% sulfuric acid as a catalyst.…”

“…Efforts have been made to overcome the limitation of cellulosic materials by chemical modification such as esterification [1][2][3], silylation [4,5], etherification [6,7], carbanilation [8], grafting [9], and so on. Among those various preparation methods developed for cellulosic materials, acetylation is one of the common approaches and has been the subject of several scientific studies [10][11][12][13][14][15]. Acetylated cellulosic materials obtained by converting part of the hydroxyl groups to acetyl groups were reported to have wide applications [16,17].…”