Synthesis and characterization of dimeric μ‐oxidovanadium complexes as the functional model of vanadium bromoperoxidase

Abstract

Two vanadium (IV) complexes [VIVO(Haeae‐sal)(MeOH)]+ (1) and [VIVO(Haeae‐hyap)(MeOH)]+ (2) were prepared by reacting [VO(acac)2] with ligands [H2aeae‐sal] (I) and [H2aeae‐hyap] (II) respectively. Condensation of 2‐(2‐aminoethylamino)ethanol with salicylaldehyde and 2‐hydroxyacetophenone produces the ligands (I) and (II) respectively. Both vanadium complexes 1 and 2 are sensitive towards aerial oxygen in solution and rapidly convert into vanadium(V) dioxido species. Vanadium(V) dioxido species crystalizes as the dimeric form in the solid‐state. Single‐crystal XRD analysis suggests octahedral geometry around each vanadium center in the solid‐state. To access the benefits of heterogeneous catalysis, vanadium(V) dioxido complexes were anchored into the polymeric chain of chloromethylated polystyrene. All the synthesized neat and supported vanadium complexes have been studied by a number of techniques to confirm their structural and functional properties. Bromoperoxidase activity of the synthesized vanadium(V) dioxido complexes 3 and 4 was examined by carrying out oxidative bromination of salicylaldehyde and oxidation of thioanisole. In the presence of hydrogen peroxide, 3 shows 94.4% conversion (TOF value of 2.739 × 102 h−1) and 4 exhibits 79.0% conversion (TOF value of 2.403 × 102 h−1) for the oxidative bromination of salicylaldehyde where 5‐bromosalicylaldehyde appears as the major product. Catalysts 3 and 4 also efficiently catalyze the oxidation of thioanisole in the presence of hydrogen peroxide where sulfoxide is observed as the major product. Covalent attachment of neat catalysts 3 and 4 into the polymer chain enhances substrate conversion (%) and their catalytic efficiency increases many folds, both in the oxidative bromination and oxidation of thioether. Polymer supported catalysts 5 displayed 98.8% conversion with a TOF value of 1.127 × 104 h−1 whereas catalyst 6 showed 95.7% conversion with a TOF value of 4.675 × 103 h−1 for the oxidative bromination of salicylaldehyde. These TOF values are the highest among the supported vanadium catalysts available in the literature for the oxidative bromination of salicylaldehyde.

Solvent‐free oxidation of straight‐chain aliphatic primary alcohols by polymer‐grafted vanadium complexes

“…Homogeneous complexes 1 – 3 exhibit comparable FT‐IR and UV–Vis spectral data to those reported. [ 15b,35,36 ]…”

“…Catalytic systems containing vanadium are also widely utilized for their significant role in enzymatic and chemical reactions. [9][10][11][12][13] Vanadium-based complexes are long known for their active participation in various catalytic oxidations reactions, such as oxidation of saturated hydrocarbons, [12,13] aromatic and olefinic hydrocarbons, [14] organic sulfides, [15] and halides. [11,16] Nowadays, vanadium-based catalysts are extensively used in the catalytic oxidation of alcohols with a stoichiometric amount of H 2 O 2 , TBHP, or dioxygen.…”