Synthesis and characterization of electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution in PEM water electrolysis

Mayousse, Eric; Maillard, Frédéric; Fouda-Onana, F.; Sicardy, O.; Guillet, Nicolas

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2011.05.139

Cited by 101 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…[43][44][45][46]48,[62][63][64] In the majority of those studies, both activity and stability were estimated by studying currentpotential profiles. For instance, based on an accelerated corrosion test by detecting electrode end-of-life, Kötz and Stucki showed that in comparison to pure RuO 2 the corrosion rate of the mixed Ir-Ru oxide anodes is at least an order of magnitude lower.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Origin of the Improved Ruthenium Stability in RuO₂–IrO₂Mixed Oxides

Kasian

Geiger

Stock

et al. 2016

J. Electrochem. Soc.

114

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High oxygen evolution reaction activity of ruthenium and long term stability of iridium in acidic electrolytes make their mixed oxides attractive candidates for utilization as anodes in water electrolyzers. Indeed, such materials were addressed in numerous previous studies. The application of a scanning flow cell connected to an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer allowed us now to examine the stability and activity toward oxygen evolution reaction of such mixed oxides in parallel. The whole composition range of Ir-Ru mixtures has been covered in a thin film material library. In the whole composition range the rate of Ru dissolution is observed to be much higher than that of Ir. Eventually, due to the loss of Ru, the activity of the mixed oxides approaches the value corresponding to pure IrO 2 . Interestingly, the loss of only a few percent of a monolayer in Ru surface concentration results in a significant drop in activity. Several explanations of this phenomenon are discussed. It is concluded that the herein observed stability of mixed Ir-Ru oxide systems is most likely a result of high corrosion resistance of the iridium component, but not due to an alteration of the material's electronic structure. Renewable primary energies such as solar energy, wind energy and ocean energy receive more and more attention and are increasingly installed around the world.1-3 It is anticipated that renewables will eventually replace traditional fossil fuel-burning and nuclear power plants. However, intermittent power supply of renewables means that energy needs to be buffered. Thereby, hydrogen produced by water electrolysis is considered as an ideal energy carrier to adjust the balance between the generation of power by renewable primary energy and energy demand for end-use.3-5 Currently, acidic proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) is considered as a promising technology for this purpose. However, the widespread use of PEMWE is hindered by high capital costs, low efficiency, and shortages related to performance deterioration with time. 6 In this connection the nature of electrocatalysts and the procedure of their production and application conditions play a critical role. Materials used as electrocatalysts must be as active as possible to improve efficiency, while at the same time they need to be stable to maintain this efficiency throughout the lifetime of the electrolyzer. This is especially critical for materials catalyzing the anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER), because of the detrimental positive potential and highly corrosive acidic environment. Only a few catalysts are able to withstand these harsh conditions, while providing sufficient activity, conductivity and mechanical stability. In fact, only iridium oxide anodes are proven to provide the required longevity of operation. On the other hand, ruthenium shows the highest electrocatalytic activity toward this reaction. 7,8 During the last decades, the electrochemical and surface properties of anodes based on these metals and their oxides we...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Origin of the Improved Ruthenium Stability in RuO₂–IrO₂Mixed Oxides

Kasian

Geiger

Stock

et al. 2016

J. Electrochem. Soc.

114

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“…At 1.6V, significant amounts of O2 bubbles due to the OER were observed to adsorb onto the electrocatalyst surface due to the use of a stationary electrode. The O2 bubbles on the electrocatalyst surface are known to cause an ohmic drop which could explain the oscillations in the measured current [11]. The use of a hydrodynamic electrode would probably have been a more suitable choice to eliminate interference due to adsorption and oxygen film formation.…”

Section: Electrochemical Characterisationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…IrO2 also show less efficiency loss due to corrosion or poisoning [10]. However, IrO2 is scarce and very expensive [11], adding significantly to the cost of the SPE electrolyser system. IrO2 has a service life of about 20 times longer than RuO2, but has a slightly lower electrocatalytic activity towards the OER [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Optimisation of IrO2 Electrocatalysts by Adams Fusion Method for Solid Polymer Electrolyte Electrolysers

Maiyalagan

Pasupathi

Bladergroen³

et al. 2012

MNS

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Felix, C., et al. (2012). Synthesis and optimisation of IrO2 electrocatalysts by Adams fusion method for solid polymer electrolyte electrolysers. MICRO AND NANOSYSTEMS, University Abstract: IrO2 as an anodic electrocatalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) electrolysers was synthesised by adapting the Adams fusion method. Optimisation of the IrO2 electrocatalyst was achieved by varying the synthesis duration (0.5 -4 hours) and temperature (250 -500°C). The physical properties of the electrocatalysts were characterised by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD). Electrochemical characterisation of the electrocatalysts toward the OER was evaluated by chronoamperometry (CA). CA analysis revealed the best electrocatalytic activity towards the OER for IrO2 synthesised for 2 hours at 350 o C which displayed a better electrocatalytic activity than the commercial IrO2 electrocatalyst used in this study. XRD and TEM analyses revealed an increase in crystallinity and average particle size with increasing synthesis duration and temperature which accounted for the decreasing electrocatalytic activity. At 250°C the formation of an active IrO2 electrocatalyst was not favoured.

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“…as pH sensitive electrode. The poor cost-effectiveness of RuO 2 and IrO 2 based sensors [12,13], low resistance of RuO 2 in alkaline solutions (which affect their lifetime) [12,13], and buffer on the conductance in SnO 2 based conductimetric pH sensor [14]. etc.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One example is the conductimetric pH sensor developed by Chen et al [17], which is based on TiO 2 /multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT)/cellulose hybrid nanocomposite. The fabricated sensor exhibited sensitivity in the pH range of [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. A large surface area of cellulose hybrid nanocomposite helps improve the pH sensitivity [17].…”

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confidence: 99%

TiO₂-Based Thick Film pH Sensor

et al. 2017

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Abstract-Miniaturized electrochemical pH sensors are increasingly in demand for application such as online monitoring of water quality and health monitoring. The metal oxides are the best candidates for sensing electrodes of such sensors as they offer high chemical stability. In this work, we present a novel approach to obtain interdigitated conductimetric pH sensor using screen printing of TiO 2 thick film on an alumina substrate. The microstructural and crystalline properties of the TiO 2 sensitive film were examined with scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The impedance spectroscopic studies of the fabricated thick film sensor were carried out in the frequency range of 5-20 kHz for the test solutions in the pH range of 4-10 and it was observed that the impedance of the film distinctly dependent on pH. Using the measured impedance data, we have also proposed an equivalent RC network model for the fabricated pH sensor. The physical meaning of the model parameters was determined by electrochemical impedance spectroscopic (EIS) analysis, and through statistical analysis it was found that all parameters are distinctly pH-dependent.

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Synthesis and characterization of electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution in PEM water electrolysis

Cited by 101 publications

References 30 publications

On the Origin of the Improved Ruthenium Stability in RuO₂–IrO₂Mixed Oxides

On the Origin of the Improved Ruthenium Stability in RuO₂–IrO₂Mixed Oxides

Synthesis and Optimisation of IrO2 Electrocatalysts by Adams Fusion Method for Solid Polymer Electrolyte Electrolysers

TiO₂-Based Thick Film pH Sensor

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Synthesis and characterization of electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution in PEM water electrolysis

Cited by 101 publications

References 30 publications

On the Origin of the Improved Ruthenium Stability in RuO2–IrO2Mixed Oxides

On the Origin of the Improved Ruthenium Stability in RuO2–IrO2Mixed Oxides

Synthesis and Optimisation of IrO2 Electrocatalysts by Adams Fusion Method for Solid Polymer Electrolyte Electrolysers

TiO2-Based Thick Film pH Sensor

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

On the Origin of the Improved Ruthenium Stability in RuO₂–IrO₂Mixed Oxides

On the Origin of the Improved Ruthenium Stability in RuO₂–IrO₂Mixed Oxides

TiO₂-Based Thick Film pH Sensor