Synthesis and Characterization of Fatty Hydroxamic Acids from Triacylglycerides

Abstract

In this study, fatty haydroxamic acids (FHAs), which have biological activities as antibiotics and antifungal, have been synthesized via refluxing of triacylglycrides, palm olein, palm stearin or corn oil with hydroxylamine hydrochloride. The products were characterized using the complex formation test of hydroxamic acid group with zinc( ), copper( ) and iron( ), various technique methods including nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H NMR) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Parameters that may affect the conversion of oils to FHAs including the effect of reaction time, effect of organic solvent and effect of hydro/oil molar issue were also investigated in this study. Results of characterization indicate that FHAs were successfully produced from triacylglycrides. The conversion percentages of palm stearin, palm olein and corn oil into their fatty hydroxamic acids are 82, 81 and 78, respectively. Results also showed that hexane is the best organic solvent to produce the FHAs from the three oils used in this study. The optimum reaction time to achieve the maximum conversion percentage of the oils to FHAs was found to be 10 hours for all the three oils, while the optimum molar ration of hydro/to oil was found to be 7:1 for all the different three oils.

Poly(Lactic Acid) as a Biopolymer-Based Nano-Composite

“…The first commercial clay nano-composite was prepared via an ion exchanging process (Ray and Okamoto, 2003;Giannelis, 1996). Recently, many studies were reported for MMT modification using alkylammonium ions produced from vegetable oils (Al-Mulla et al, 2009;Al-Mulla et al, 2010a;Hoidy et al, 2010a;Hoidy et al, 2010b).…”

Modification of Three Types of Bentonite with Zirconium Oxide Chloride (ZOC) of Local Products Using Intercalation Process

“…Cation exchange and intercalation processes were characterized by the existence of cations encountered in the interlayer of bentonite such as (Na + , Mg ) in the some clay minerals such as bentonite and intercalant cations such as Ti, Zr, AI and Cr [3]. The intercalation processes was easily done by mixing the dispersion of bentonite in water containing intercalant cations and by adding the polar organic such as glycerol or ethylene glycol [4].…”

Optimization Method for The Synthesis of Fatty Amide Surfactants from Oleic Acid Catalyzed by Immobilized Lipase

“…Lipase (triacylglycerol hydrolases; EC 3.1.1.3) is extensively used due to their regio-, stereo-, substrate-specificities milder reaction conditions and relatively lower energy requirement 2,4 . Lipase-catalyzed reactions have been carried out in suitable organic solvents or under solvent-free conditions at hydrolysis reaction 6 , esterification 7,8,9 and amidification 3,5,10 .…”

“…It is fully biodegradable surfactant and cause less damage to the environment than petroleum chemical surfactants 2 . Fatty amide is the essential ingredient of several formulations such as detergent, shampoos, cosmetics, antibiotics and antifungal agents 3,4 .…”