Synthesis and characterization of Fe-doped TiO2 hollow spheres for dye-sensitized solar cell applications

Kanjana, Nattakan; Maiaugree, Wasan; Poolcharuansin, Phitsanu; Laokul, Paveena

doi:10.1016/j.mseb.2021.115311

Cited by 34 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…The energy difference ( ∆Ev ∼ 2.15 eV) between the valence states of Si and TiO 2 were too large, preventing the holes extraction at Si-TiO 2 interface and thus acted as HBL [47]. In addition, work functions (Φ) of Ag (4.28 eV) and Al (4.26 eV) facilitated the rapid acceptance of the carriers towards the electrodes [6,48,49]. On top, the values of Ec, Ev, and Φ of the materials in the proposed solar cell were fluctuated, slightly depending on the method of thin films deposition [50].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photovoltaic Performance of Spherical TiO2 Nanoparticles Derived from Titanium Hydroxide Ti(OH)4: Role of Annealing Varying Temperature

et al. 2022

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High-quality titanium dioxide (TiO2 or titania) nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) with tailored morphologies are desirable for efficient photovoltaic applications. In this view, some thin films containing spherical TiO2NPs were prepared on indium tin oxide (ITO) and silicon (Si) substrates from titanium hydroxide Ti(OH)4 using the unified sol-gel, spray and spin coating method followed by thermal annealing at different temperatures (in the range of 200–650 °C). Samples were characterized using various analytical tools to determine the influence of annealing temperatures on their structures, morphologies, and optical and photovoltaic characteristics. A field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM) images of the annealed films displayed the existence of spherical TiO2NPs of average size in the range of 3.2 to 33.94 nm. XRD analysis of the films showed their amorphous nature with anatase and rutile phase. Optical UV-Vis spectral analysis of the annealed films exhibited a decrease in the bandgap energy from 3.84 to 3.24 eV with the corresponding increase of annealing temperature from 200 to 650 °C. The optimum films obtained at 500 and 600 °C were utilized as electron transport layers to fabricate the metal-insulator-semiconductor solar cells. The cells’ power conversion efficiency assembled with the spherical TiO2NPs-enclosed thin films annealed at 500 and 600 °C were 1.02 and 0.28%, respectively. Furthermore, it was shown that the overall properties and photovoltaic performance of the TiO2NPs-based thin films could be improved via thermal annealing.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photovoltaic Performance of Spherical TiO2 Nanoparticles Derived from Titanium Hydroxide Ti(OH)4: Role of Annealing Varying Temperature

et al. 2022

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“…The anatase phase of TiO 2 increases the photocatalytic performance compared to the rutile phase as it increases the redox power of the charge carriers and can enhance the adsorb of hydroxyl groups on its surface [ 40 ]. In the case of Fe doping, the absence of peaks at 31.07° corresponding to Fe 3 O 4 and 36.18° and 41.30° corresponding to FeTiO 3 in Figure 2 B indicates that Fe 3+ cations did not react with TiO 2 [ 34 , 41 ]. The absence of these oxides is desirable because their presence reduces photocatalytic activity [ 34 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Characterization of N and Fe-Doped TiO2 Nanoparticles for 2,4-Dimethylaniline Mineralization

et al. 2022

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The present study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of developing low-cost N- and Fe-doped TiO2 photocatalysts for investigating the mineralization of 2,4-dimethylaniline (2,4-DMA). With a single anatase phase, the photocatalysts showed high thermal stability with mass losses of less than 2%. The predominant oxidative state is Ti4+, but there is presence of Ti3+ associated with oxygen vacancies. In materials with N, doping was interstitial in the NH3/NH4+ form and for doping with Fe, there was a presence of Fe-Ti bonds (indicating substitutional occupations). With an improved band gap energy from 3.16 eV to 2.82 eV the photoactivity of the photocatalysts was validated with an 18 W UVA lamp (340–415 nm) with a flux of 8.23 × 10−6 Einstein s−1. With a size of only 14.45 nm and a surface area of 84.73 m2 g−1, the photocatalyst doped with 0.0125% Fe mineralized 92% of the 2,4-DMA in just 180 min. While the 3% N photocatalyst with 12.27 nm had similar performance at only 360 min. Factors such as high surface area, mesoporous structure and improved Ebg, and absence of Fe peak in XPS analysis indicate that doping with 0.0125% Fe caused a modification in TiO2 structure.

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“…Numerous studies have been applied on the Fe(III) doping of TiO 2 since the Fe(III) ion in TiO 2 can introduce a Fermi level as an electron donor or acceptor, narrowing the Eg of the TiO 2 and red shifting the irradiation adsorption of TiO 2 [26][27][28]. It was also vigorously proposed that the metal undergoing transition with TiO 2 generates oxygen vacancies, which act as the charge trapping sites promoting the generation of active radicals [29,30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of Adsorbed Fe(III) and Structurally Doped Fe(III) in Montmorillonite/TiO2 Composite for Photocatalytic Degradation of Phenol

et al. 2021

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The Fe(III)-doped montmorillonite (Mt)/TiO2 composites were fabricated by adding Fe(III) during or after the aging of TiO2/Ti(OH)4 sol–gel in Mt, named as xFe-Mt/(1 − x)Fe-TiO2 and Fe/Mt/TiO2, respectively. In the xFe-Mt/(1 − x)Fe-TiO2, Fe(III) cations were expected to be located in the structure of TiO2, in the Mt, and in the interface between them, while Fe(III) ions are physically adsorbed on the surfaces of the composites in the Fe/Mt/TiO2. The narrower energy bandgap (Eg) lower photo-luminescence intensity were observed for the composites compared with TiO2. Better photocatalytic performance for phenol degradation was observed in the Fe/Mt/TiO2. The 94.6% phenol degradation was due to greater charge generation and migration capacity, which was confirmed by photocurrent measurements and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results of the energy-resolved distribution of electron traps (ERDT) suggested that the Fe/Mt/TiO2 possessed a larger amorphous rutile phase content in direct contact with crystal anatase than that of the xFe-Mt/(1 − x)Fe-TiO2. This component is the fraction that is mainly responsible for the photocatalytic phenol degradation by the composites. As for the xFe-Mt/(1 − x)Fe-TiO2, the active rutile phase was followed by isolated amorphous phases which had larger (Eg) and which did not act as a photocatalyst. Thus, the physically adsorbed Fe(III) enhanced light adsorption and avoided charge recombination, resulting in improved photocatalytic performance. The mechanism of the photocatalytic reaction with the Fe(III)-doped Mt/TiO2 composite was proposed.

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Synthesis and characterization of Fe-doped TiO2 hollow spheres for dye-sensitized solar cell applications

Cited by 34 publications

References 66 publications

Photovoltaic Performance of Spherical TiO2 Nanoparticles Derived from Titanium Hydroxide Ti(OH)4: Role of Annealing Varying Temperature

Photovoltaic Performance of Spherical TiO2 Nanoparticles Derived from Titanium Hydroxide Ti(OH)4: Role of Annealing Varying Temperature

Synthesis and Characterization of N and Fe-Doped TiO2 Nanoparticles for 2,4-Dimethylaniline Mineralization

Fabrication of Adsorbed Fe(III) and Structurally Doped Fe(III) in Montmorillonite/TiO2 Composite for Photocatalytic Degradation of Phenol

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