Synthesis and Characterization of Fe/SBA-15 Heterogeneous Catalysts for Methyl Acetate Production

Abstract

In the present study, the synthesis of SBA-15 (Santa Barbara Amorphous) support material(SPm) was initially carried out with the method determined according to the literature research. The catalytic property of SBA-15 was imparted by the hydrothermal method (HtM), different from the traditionally applied impregnation method. In this method, the active substance (iron III oxide; Fe2O3) was added to the solution during the synthesis of the SPm. The amount of active substance in the synthesized catalysts was calculated based on the mass ratios of silicon (Si) in SBA-15 and iron (Fe) in Fe2O3. The active substance ratios in the catalysts were determined as 10, 25% Fe/Si. The activities of Fe/SBA-15 catalysts were tested in methyl acetate production (MAP). MAP reaction experiments were carried out in the presence of 0.4g catalyst (Fe/SBA-15), 373K, in autogenous pressure and 2/1 Acetic acid(AA)/methanol(MeOH) feed rate for 48 hours. The effects of active substance loading rate on AA conversion were determined. The structural properties of Fe/SBA-15 catalysts were investigated by XRD, BET, FTIR/DRIFT, SEM/EDX, and MAPPING analysis methods.

Photocatalytic Degradation of Neonicotinoids—A Comparative Study of the Efficacy of Hybrid Photocatalysts

“…Figure 2 shows the results of the low and high-angle XRD analysis of the SBA-15 and the hybrid samples consisting of different loadings of TiO 2 , Fe, and Cd on SBA-15. Similar results are shown in our previous work dealing with the activities of Cd/SBA-15 for the esterification of acetic acid with methanol [27,28]. According to the results of the XRD analysis of the SBA-15, four main Bragg peaks were obtained (Figure 2a), corresponding to the d(100), d(110), d(200) [29,30], d(210) [31], and d(300) [32] characteristic peaks.…”

“…The FT-IR analysis of SBA-15 showed that the peaks between wavelengths of 445 cm −1 and 1046 cm −1 belonged to the characteristic structure of SBA-15 (Figure 3) [27,28]. Symmetrical and asymmetrical structures of tensile and flexible vibrations of Si-O and SiO 2 were observed at 938, 789, and 1044 cm −1 [37,38].…”

“…In this work, the TiO 2 /SBA-15 hybrid catalyst was synthesized using the hydrothermal method [25]. On the other hand, SBA-15, Cd/SBA-15, and Fe/SBA-15 were synthesized through the in situ incorporation method using the procedures described in the literature [26][27][28][29]. To obtain pure SBA-15, a solution of the surfactant Pluronic P123 (Poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(propylene glycol)-block-poly(ethylene glycol))(144 mL, 1.7 M-Sigma Aldrich) in water was obtained and amounts of water and Pluronic P123 were adjusted as described earlier [29].…”

“…These peaks indicate that SBA-15 has a regular mesoporous and hexagonal structure [29,30]. Moreover, losses and shifts were observed in the main Bragg peaks of the SBA-15 catalyst after loading with the active compound of Cd [27], Ti [33], or Fe [34]. The XRD peaks of the hybrid photocatalysts exhibited a broad and wide 2θ (a wide peak between 2θ = 20 and 30) [35], corresponding to the amorphous structure of SiO [33,36] and 47.52 [33].…”