Synthesis and characterization of flame-retardant rigid polyurethane foams derived from gutter oil biodiesel

Bo, Guangxu; Xu, Xiaoling; Tian, Xiaoke; Wu, Jiao; He, Xin; Xu, Li; Yan, Yunjun

doi:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110329

Cited by 20 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…On the other hand, PU foam has been used in different domains including furniture, vehicles, and construction due to its outstanding characteristics such as lightweight, low electrical conductivity, good thermal insulation, and good mechanical properties. PU composite foam is also known as high insulating and acoustic performance material. − However, materials based on PU have some drawbacks as its inherent flammability − and the amount of heat and smoke produced when it was burned, causing damage to property and even human health. In particular, biobased polyurethane [biobased insulation polyurethane (BPU)] foam is even more sensitive to fire, so one of the main objectives of this study is to improve the flame retardant (FR) performance of BPU composite foams.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PU composite foam is also known as high insulating and acoustic performance material. 15 − 17 However, materials based on PU have some drawbacks as its inherent flammability 18 − 21 and the amount of heat and smoke produced when it was burned, causing damage to property and even human health. In particular, biobased polyurethane [biobased insulation polyurethane (BPU)] foam is even more sensitive to fire, so one of the main objectives of this study is to improve the flame retardant (FR) performance of BPU composite foams.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lightweight Biobased Polyurethane Composites Derived from Liquefied Polyol Reinforced by Biomass Sources with High Mechanical Property and Enhanced Fire-Resistance Performance

Nguyen,

Vo,

Nguyen

et al. 2024

ACS Omega

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Lightweight biobased insulation polyurethane (BPU) composite foams with high fire-resistance efficiency are interested in building effective energy and low environmental impact today. This study focuses on manufacturing lightweight BPU from liquefied bamboo polyols and biomass resources, including rice husk and wood flour. Then, they are combined with three flame retardant (FR) additives, such as aluminum diethyl phosphinate, aluminum trihydroxide, and diammonium phosphate, to improve their fire resistance performance. The physicochemical properties, microstructure, thermal stability, mechanical properties, and flame-retardant properties of the BPU composites are characterized to optimize their compromise properties. The results showed that composites with optimized FRs achieved UL94 V-0 and those with nonoptimized FRs reached UL94 HB. The limiting oxygen index exhibited that the fire resistance of BPU composites could increase up to 21−37% within FR additives. In addition, the thermal stability of BPU composites was significantly improved in a temperature range of 300−700 °C and the compressive strength of the BPU composites was also enhanced with the presence of FRs. The scanning electron microscopy observation showed an influence of FRs on the morphology and cell size of the BPU composites. The bio-PU-derived samples in this study showed significantly low thermal conductivity values, demonstrating their remarkable thermal insulation effectiveness.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lightweight Biobased Polyurethane Composites Derived from Liquefied Polyol Reinforced by Biomass Sources with High Mechanical Property and Enhanced Fire-Resistance Performance

Nguyen,

Vo,

Nguyen

et al. 2024

ACS Omega

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“…19,20 Melamine (ME) and melamine cyanurate (MC) are halogen-free flame retardants characterized by low smoke density, smoke toxicity, and corrosion. Research on these various halogenated and halogen-free flame retardants has been conducted independently, [20][21][22] making it is difficult to compare the relative properties of FPUFs with the same contents of flame retardants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of mechanical and flame‐retardant properties of flexible polyurethane foams

Kim,

Jeon

2023

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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In this study, the mechanical and flame‐retardant properties of flexible polyurethane foams (FPUF) were analyzed as a function of the type of flame retardant. FPUF containing equal amounts of two halogenated flame retardants (tris 2‐cloropropyl phosphate [TCPP] and phosphinyl alkyl phosphate ester) and three halogen‐free flame retardants (melamine, melamine cyanurate, and expandable graphite) were considered. The foaming properties of these samples were analyzed by studying the rise time and settling rate using cup foaming. Square foaming was used to analyze the mechanical properties, including density, elongation, tensile strength, and tear strength. In addition, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy was performed, and flame retardancy was evaluated using a horizontal flame test and the limited oxygen index. A cone calorimeter test was also performed to evaluate the combustion characteristics. In FPUF containing the same ratio of flame retardant (15% of the total polyol), the properties of urethane foam blended with expandable graphite were improved; the tensile strength of this blend is 20% higher than that of samples containing melamine, and its peak heat release showed a 70% reduction compared to that of samples containing TCPP. These findings provide valuable reference information for developing flame retardants for fire safety FPUF in the near future.

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“…Due to all these features, RPUFs are often used in everyday life, incl. construction, furniture and vehicles [18][19][20]. The most important application is in construction, as thermal insulation materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Ash Silanization on the Selected Properties of Rigid Polyurethane Foam/Coal Fly Ash Composites

et al. 2022

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According to the assumptions of the European Union, by 2050 it is planned to achieve climate neutrality. For this purpose, a document called the “European Green Deal” was established, which is a set of policies of the European Commission. One of the assumptions is a circular economy that takes into account the use of waste in subsequent production cycles. In order to meet the latest trends in environmentally friendly materials and use of waste in the production of building materials, composites of rigid polyurethane foam with 10 wt.% of waste were produced. Fly ash from coal combustion after modification was used as a filler. Three types of modifications were used: silanization, sieving, and both processes together. The silanization process was carried out for 1 and 2% silane ([3-(2-aminoethylamino)propyl]trimethoxysilane) concentration in relation to the fly ash mass. The sieving was aimed at reaching a fraction with a particle diameter below 75 µm. Six composites with modified fillers were compared and one material containing unchanged fly ash was used as a reference. A comparative analysis was carried out on the basis of surface analysis, thermal stability and physical properties. It turned out that the polyurethane materials modified fly ash silanized with 1% and 2% silane solution proved the best results in performed tests. On the other hand, the polyurethane foam containing sieved ash was characterized by the lowest flammability and the lowest emission of smoke and CO. The use of modified fly ash in technology of polyurethane foams can be a good method of its disposal and can increase the applicability of the composites.

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Synthesis and characterization of flame-retardant rigid polyurethane foams derived from gutter oil biodiesel

Cited by 20 publications

References 38 publications

Lightweight Biobased Polyurethane Composites Derived from Liquefied Polyol Reinforced by Biomass Sources with High Mechanical Property and Enhanced Fire-Resistance Performance

Lightweight Biobased Polyurethane Composites Derived from Liquefied Polyol Reinforced by Biomass Sources with High Mechanical Property and Enhanced Fire-Resistance Performance

Analysis of mechanical and flame‐retardant properties of flexible polyurethane foams

The Effect of Ash Silanization on the Selected Properties of Rigid Polyurethane Foam/Coal Fly Ash Composites

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