Synthesis and Characterization of Fluorapatite Nanoparticles Via a Mechanochemical Method

Abstract

Nanosized F-substituted hydroxyapatite (FA; Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 (OH) 2 -x F x ) was synthesized with CaCO 3 , P 2 O 5 and CaF 2 as a precursor via a mechanochemical process. Different times of milling (10 min, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 h) and fluorine ion contents (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 percent of substitution) were used to prepare the products. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis demonstrated that FA nanoparticles with an average diameter of 15-30 nm (at milling time of 10 h) were prepared. Finally, the bioactivity of optimal samples was investigated in simulated body fluid (SBF).

Mechanism of Nanostructured Fluorapatite Formation from CaO, CaF2 and P2O5 Precursors by Mechanochemical Synthesis

“…In order to determine the reactivity of the reactants and the sequences of formation of the intermediate compounds, we investigated three binary and four ternary milling routes ending up with the FA nanostructure. The data obtained were more detailed than information given by previous authors [23][24][25][26][27] and could assist us to propose a more comprehensive explanation for the FA formation process.…”

“…Figure 4 presents the FTIR spectrum of the FA nanocrystals prepared after 48 h of milling of the CF3P48. The peak at 471 cm -1 corresponds to the asymmetrical u 2 stretching vibration of PO 4 3- [23,24]. The u 4 bending vibration of this group appears as two peaks at 568 and 599 cm -1 [22,30].…”

“…www.prkm.co.uk Mechanochemical synthesis is a simple method for preparation of nanostructured materials in both experimental and commercial quantities [14]. Although diverse techniques can be used to produce FA powder [15][16][17][18][19][20][21], mechanochemical synthesis seems to be a more reliable and effective method [22][23][24]. The intensive mechanical collisions that take place during the highenergy ball milling of the constituent materials result in initiation of solid-state reactions which end up with FA formation.…”

“…The intensive mechanical collisions that take place during the highenergy ball milling of the constituent materials result in initiation of solid-state reactions which end up with FA formation. Considering that the purity of the final products and the efficiency of the utilised synthesis processes depend highly on the formation reactions, recently many investigations have concentrated on the FA formation mechanism [23,25,26]. To find out the reaction pathways and the intermediate species that participate in the overall formation reaction, comprehensive understanding of the details of the governing steps is required.…”

“…We aimed to find the intermediate steps which lead to the formation of the nanocrystalline Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 F 2 by the mechanochemical method. While most FA is produced using calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) or calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH) 2 ] as a source of calcium [23,25,26], in this research the formation mechanism and intermediate compounds were studied using calcium oxide (CaO), calcium fluoride (CaF 2 ) and phosphorus oxide (P 2 O 5 ) as the starting materials. For monitoring the progress of the reactions, we used X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis to characterise the intermediate compounds.…”