Synthesis and characterization of fullerene functionalized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and dehydrochlorinated PVC using atom Transfer Radical Addition and AIBN based fullerenation

Abstract

The research presented details chemical modifications of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and its derivative, dehydrochlorinated PVC (DH-PVC) through the use of two grafting techniques, namely a normal fullerenation, using AIBN (2,2 0 -Azoisobutyronitrile), and the atom transfer radical addition (ATRA). The products were characterized and the presence of new FTIR peaks at 528 and 577 cm 21 along with new 1 H-NMR signal at 3.9 ppm, suggested that fullerenes has been grafted to the polymer molecules. Percentage of C 60 in the fullerene grated products determined by UV/Visible spectroscopy initially increased with the amount of fullerene used to a maximum value (5.66 % wt) before decreasing again. It was also determined that the C 60 content of the fullerene grafted PVC product prepared by using ATRA, was notably greater than that obtained using the normal fullerenation approach, regardless of the amount of C 60 used. When the dehydrochlorinated PVC was used as the starting polymer for fullerenation, the fullerene grafted DH-PVC using ATRA, was markedly insoluble in many common solvents (THF and dichlorobenzene). This was not the cases for the fullerene grafted DHPVC prepared via an AIBN based fullerenation. Furthermore, the electrical conductivity values of the modified PVC products determined by using a four-point probe method were found to increase linearly with the amount of C 60 present. Overall our data suggest that the suitable and efficient techniques for grafting C 60 onto PVC and DHPVC chains are ATRA and AIBN-based fullerenation, respectively.

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“…As shown in Fig. 1a, the characteristic peaks of the PVC molecules can be seen; including peaks for C-H bands (1,427 and 1,257 cm −1 ), C-C vibrations (968 cm −1 ), and C-Cl bands (698, 636 and 605 cm −1 ) 24 . Also, the spectra show the peak at 1,732 cm −1 which corresponds with the carbonyl group (C = O) bands in the DBA and PVC gels.…”

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“…Figure 3(B) shows FT‐IR spectra of pure PVC gel and PVC/f‐rGO composite gels. The main characteristics bands were observed at 3448–3454, 2860–2970, 1740–1780 cm −1 , and 750 and 633 cm −1 are attributed to (‐NH,‐OH), –CH 2 , carbonyl group (C=O) of DBA and ‐Cl of PVC, 39–41 respectively. We found that by increasing the loading of f‐rGO in the PVC gel, the peaks havebecome broader and shifted to higher wave numbers as shown in Figure 3(B).…”

Covalent Functionalizations of Poly(vinyl chloride) in Tune with Applications: An Update

“…PVC and its dehydrochlorinated (DHPVC) form were tagged with fullerene C 60 under normal procedure (AIBN as initiator) and atom transfer radical addition methodology (ATRA) in THF at 80 °C for 24 h (Eq. 31) [117]. The grafted C 60 extents on PVC were 5.66 and 2.77% for ATRA and AIBN methods, respectively; that for grafted onto DHPVC using AIBN was 4.65%.…”