“…Leather residues from footwear industry were obtained from Industrias Wilches S.A. (Bogota, Colombia), cut into pieces and then milled (particle size about 3.4mm for L1 and 6.8mm for L2) in a The removal of these dyes using chemical reagents and microorganisms is a difficult process due to its complex molecular structure and stability against these kind of degradations as they are designed to be resistant to degradation or vanishing by agents [2,4]. Thus, many types of removal technology have been developed, such as adsorption, membrane filtration, chemical precipitation, ion exchange, flocculation, ultrafiltration, photocatalysis, ozonation techniques, and decomposition by microorganisms [2,[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. However, adsorption method has proven to be a promising method due to its efficiency, relatively low cost, reusability, and easy operation [9,18].…”