Synthesis and Characterization of Highly Efficient Near-Infrared Upconversion Sc³⁺/Er³⁺/Yb³⁺Tridoped NaYF₄

Abstract

Supporting informationTable 1.R-values of structrue refined by fullprof of six different Sc 3+ tridoping concentration samples.

Mn2+ Dopant‐Controlled Synthesis of NaYF4:Yb/Er Upconversion Nanoparticles for in vivo Imaging and Drug Delivery

“…Doping Mn 2+ ion into RE-doped NaYF 4 nanocrystals induced the hexagonal-to-cubic phase transformation and thus, decreased the crystal field symmetry, which would impact the interplay of the doping RE ions in the different active sites of the cubic phase, reduce the inter quenching of Er 3+ and then enhance UCL intensity. [12] Similar phenomena have been encountered in the recent reports on alkaline earth doped LnF 3 (Ln = La, Ce, Pr) nanoparticles. [13] Furthermore, the non-radiative Mn 2+ → Er 3+ energy transfer process transferred the energy originally belonging to the blue or green emissions to the red emissions, thus enhancing the red emission.…”

Materials for FRET Analysis: Beyond Traditional Dye–Dye Combinations

“…Here, the Yb 3þ dopant acts as the near-IR absorbing ion (sensitizer), while the Er 3þ acts as the emitter/activator ion [374]. UCNPs can be prepared using a number of synthetic procedures, including precipitation/coprecipitation, hydrothermal/solvothermal thermolysis-based techniques, and laser annealing; for more detail refer to recent publications [377][378][379][380][381][382][383][384]. Ultimately, the goal is to prepare highly crystalline structures (which improves the overall UC efficiency) that have a small particle size combined with low size distribution, uniform dissemination of the doped lanthanide ions, good aqueous solubility, and the ability to bioconjugate, if required FRET relay.…”

Synthesis of monoclinic Na3ScF6:1mol% Er3+/2mol% Yb3+ microcrystals by a facile hydrothermal approach

“…It is known that the UC emission intensity is sensitive to the symmetry and the phonon energy of host lattice, and the lower symmetry of the crystal field and shorter distance between rare-earth ions are beneficial to improve the UC efficiency [33,34]. Ma et al has shown that the introduction of Sc 3+ ions in NaYF 4 :Er 3+ /Yb 3+ nanoparticles can remarkably enhance the blue, green, and red upconverted emissions due to the lowering the symmetry of the local crystal field of the NaYF 4 host lattice and the shortening of the distance between rare-earth ions [35]. This result suggests that the NaScF x host lattice might have promising UC properties; however, this conclusion remains unclear up to now due to the lacking of the data in the literature.…”