Synthesis and Characterization of Highly Cross-Linked, Monodisperse Core−Shell and Inverted Core−Shell Colloidal Particles. Polystyrene/Poly(<i>tert</i>-butyl Acrylate) Core−Shell and Inverse Core−Shell Particles

Kirsch, Siegfried; Doerk, A.; Bartsch, E.; Sillescu, H.; Landfester, Katharina; Spieß, Hans Wolfgang; Maechtle, W.

doi:10.1021/ma980916e

Cited by 65 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…A certain concentration of carboxylic groups will be present embedded at various depths inside the corona. The details of the structure and properties of the corona in core-shell latexes, formed as a consequence of analogous or similar processes, are still not fully understood and have been the subject of detailed studies (e.g., references [42][43][44][45][46][47]). In our case, we are mainly concerned with the density of functional groups that can be accommodated by a growing crystal surface, assuming that these functional groups need to make contact with the surface in order to control the crystal-growth features.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface‐Functionalized Latex Particles as Controlling Agents for the Mineralization of Zinc Oxide in Aqueous Medium

Muñoz‐Espí

Lieberwirth

et al. 2005

Chemistry A European J

113

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Polystyrene latex particles modified at the surface with different hydrophilic functional groups were prepared by miniemulsion polymerization and used as controlling agents in the crystallization of zinc oxide from aqueous medium. The effects of the chemical nature of the surface functionalization and the latex concentration on the crystal growth, morphology, and crystalline structure of the resulting zinc oxide were analyzed. Micro- and submicrosized crystals with a broad variety of morphologies depending on the functionalization were obtained. Among the different latexes studied, the acrylic-acid-derived particles were shown to be a convenient system for further quantitative investigations. In this case, as the additive concentration increases, the length-to-width ratio (aspect ratio) of the crystals decreases systematically. Preferential adsorption of the latex particles onto the fast-growing faces {001} of ZnO is assumed to follow a Langmuir-type isotherm, and interaction of the adsorbed particles with the growth centers will reduce the growth rate in [001]. This leads to a quantitative relationship linking the aspect ratio to the latex concentration at constant diameter and surface chemistry of the latex. The dependence of the aspect ratio on charge density of the latex can also be modeled by an algorithm in which attractive forces between the latex particle and the ZnO surface are balanced against repulsive forces of an osmotic nature. The latter are associated with the confined volume between the crystal and latex particle surfaces.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface‐Functionalized Latex Particles as Controlling Agents for the Mineralization of Zinc Oxide in Aqueous Medium

Muñoz‐Espí

Lieberwirth

et al. 2005

Chemistry A European J

113

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“…For determination of the self-diffusion coefficient at lower concentrations by DLS, recently a new core±shell system has been designed: PS microgels surrounded by a crosslinked shell of PtBA with a total particle radius of about 250 nm. [33,34] Here, ethylenglycoldiacrylate (EGDA) serves as a crosslinker for the shell. These particles are prepared from crosslinked PS seeds, which are then swollen with a mixture of tBA and EGDA.…”

Section: Polymer-coated Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crosslinked Spherical Nanoparticles with Core-Shell Topology

2000

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Core–shell microgels are crosslinked nanosized spherical particles with a chemical composition that is different on the surface compared to the core region. By employing a core with special optical properties, e.g., a core labeled either with organic dye molecules or noble metal clusters (see Figure), these particles are perfectly suited as optical tracers in diffusion measurements. Here, the shell may be important for several reasons: (i) as a protective coating to suppress any influence of the labels on particle mobility, (ii) to optically separate individual particles even at high concentrations, and (iii) to compatibilize the particles with e.g., polymeric chains. Recent developments in the field of crosslinked core–shell particles are reviewed here, with a focus on such optical tracer systems.

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“…The core-shell morphology of particles composed of a poly(methyl methacrylate) core and polystyrene shell embedded in epoxy resin and sectioned was easily visualized without any staining agents, as PMMA decomposes in the electron beam [56]. For the same reason, the morphology of poly(styrene/tert-butyl acrylate) (PS/PTBA) and poly(tert-butyl acrylate/styrene) (PTBA/PS) particles could be resolved owing to high polystyrene and low PTBA contrast, respectively [57], as PTBA also degradated under electron beam.…”

Section: Protein Adsorption Investigationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The spin-diffusion technique has great significance. Such an experiment is based on the difference in proton mobility between phases and is composed of three parts: a selection period, a spin-diffusion process called the mixing period of duration (t m ) and a detection period [57]. The selection period is based on proton magnetization of one component, which is made using a dipolar filter (magnetization filter) that is derived from the original GoldmanShen experiment [96].…”

Section: Solid-state Nmr Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization methods of polymer core–shell particles

Gosecka

Gosecki

2015

Colloid Polym Sci

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The design and synthesis of various polymer coreshell particles result from their distinct characteristics, which combine the properties of two or more components into one material. Many accessible synthetic strategies for obtaining polymer core-shell particles lead to the formation of particles for which the internal morphology differs from the ideal coreshell structure. Understanding the precise morphology characteristics is important for mechanistic studies of particle formation, which ultimately results in the design of particles for specific structures and properties. The detailed characteristics of complex polymer particle structures are complicated and require more than one method. This review focuses on imaging methods such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM), cryo-TEM, scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and confocal fluorescence microscopy that reveal the radial redistribution of the components and methods for the quantitative analysis of individual phases (core, shell and interfacial layer), such as small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Methods that can determine the surface composition and makeup of the character of interfacial layer (gradient or containing small domains, etc.) were also reviewed.

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Synthesis and Characterization of Highly Cross-Linked, Monodisperse Core−Shell and Inverted Core−Shell Colloidal Particles. Polystyrene/Poly(tert-butyl Acrylate) Core−Shell and Inverse Core−Shell Particles

Cited by 65 publications

References 34 publications

Surface‐Functionalized Latex Particles as Controlling Agents for the Mineralization of Zinc Oxide in Aqueous Medium

Surface‐Functionalized Latex Particles as Controlling Agents for the Mineralization of Zinc Oxide in Aqueous Medium

Crosslinked Spherical Nanoparticles with Core-Shell Topology

Characterization methods of polymer core–shell particles

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