Synthesis and characterization of hydrophobically associating cationic polyacrylamide

Preparation of lignosulfonate–acrylamide–chitosan ternary graft copolymer and its flocculation performance

“…This phenomenon is fully consistent with previous studies [19,28,29]. The results also gave evidence of the charge neutralization mechanism in the flocculation process [29,30]. Firstly, the flocculants neutralized the net charges of dyes, and when the optimum dosage was exceeded, a re-stabilization of the suspension took place by the electrostatic repulsion among the charged particles.…”

Removal of Cu(II) and tetracycline using an aromatic rings-functionalized chitosan-based flocculant: Enhanced interaction between the flocculant and the antibiotic

“…At pH 7, RC of Cu(II) decreased with the rise of dosage before reaching the minimum value at corresponding optimal dosages, then remarkably increased. This phenomenon indicated that charge attraction was possible to play an important role in the flocculation process [35,36], because excessive flocculant engendered restabilization effect due to the electrostatic repulsion. At pH 8, besides the lowest RC as aforementioned, the flocculation window also became much wider, which was believed to be a notable advantage for simplifying the operation difficulty in real water treatment works.…”

Efficient flocculation of an anionic dye from aqueous solutions using a cellulose-based flocculant

“…In addition to better colour removal efficiency and lower dosage requirement, the larger values of average l and D 2 reveal that larger flocs with denser structure are generated by the cellulose-based flocculants with higher grafting ratio. The comb-like copolymer with higher amount of PDMC branch chains would enhance the approachability to dye molecules, and larger flocs could connect with other primary flocs and seize residual dye molecules together through improved bridging (Yang et al 2010) and sweep (Canizares et al 2006) effects, respectively. Meanwhile, larger D 2 indicates the more compact structure of flocs, which is close to 2.0, the largest value in theory.…”