Synthesis and Characterization of Low-Cost Porous Carbon from Palm Oil Shell via K₂CO₃ Chemical Activation Process

Abstract

The abundant fraction of agricultural waste materials in the environment that poses disposal challenge could be converted into useful value added products such as activated carbon. Palm oil shell based carbon was prepared by two step process using K2CO3 as the chemical activant. The Langmuir surface area, BET surface area and pore volume were 817 m2/g, 707m2/g and 0.31cm3/g. From the FTIR analysis, carbonyls, alkenes and hydroxyls were identified. The SEM image shows gradual formation of pores due to elimination of volatiles and contaminants. Carbonization at 800°C for 2 hours and activation at same temperature for 1h has the highest yield of 23.27%. The proximate and ultimate analysis shows high percentage of carbon and low percentage of ash which is an indication of a good material for production of porous carbon. The activated carbon produced showed basic properties suitable for removal of organic contaminants in aqueous solutions. However, the aim of this study is to produce a green and porous carbon with controlled pores and surface properties for organic contaminants removal from water and wastewater.

Synthesis and Characterization of Activated Carbon Produced from Kenaf Core Fiber Using H3PO4 Activation

“…The band intensities were found to be dependent on the activation temperature. Elimination of peaks at 2907 cm -1 , 1737 cm -1 , 1423 cm -1 and 1325 cm -1 indicates decomposition of functional groups present in oxygenated hydrocarbons, reflecting the carbohydrate structure of cellulose and hemicellulose 38,39 . The reduction of intensity of band 1235 cm -1 in raw KF to 1218 cm -1 in KFAC was believed to be due to the alteration of lignin structure containing the ester and ether linkage after the chemical treatment 40 .…”

Synthesis of Activated Biochar from the Bark of Moringa oleifera for Adsorption of the Drug Metronidazole Present in Aqueous Medium

“…The peak at 1625 cm −1 corresponds to C=O stretching vibrations, associated with the presence of hemicellulose and lignin structures [41]. The peak at 1454 cm −1 reflects the angular deformation of hydrocarbons (CH2), present in carbohydrates such as hemicellulose and cellulose [42,43]. Spectra at 1163 cm −1 represent stretching vibrations of phenolic groups within the sample, while those at 1114 and 1060 cm −1 indi-cate the formation of polysaccharide carbohydrates from other smaller sugars found in M. oleifera [44,45].…”

Strategy for optimizing the synthesis and characterization of activated carbons obtained by chemical activation of coffee husk

“…The elimination of peaks at 3600 cm −1 on the activated carbon spectrum indicates a decomposition in oxygenated hydrocarbons of the carbohydrate structure of cellulose and hemicellulose. 50 It can be thought that the decrease in the intensity of the 1240 cm −1 band in the raw material is due to the destruction of the lignin structure containing the ester and ether bond after the chemical treatment. 51…”

“…hemicellulose. 50 It can be thought that the decrease in the intensity of the 1240 cm À1 band in the raw material is due to the destruction of the lignin structure containing the ester and ether bond after the chemical treatment. 51…”