Synthesis and Characterization of Low Loss Dielectric Ceramics Prepared from Composite of Titanate Nanosheets with Barium Ions

Abstract

We report a strategy for preparing barium titanate precursor, being the composite of titanate nanosheets (TN) with barium ions (Ba-TN), which subjected to step sintering allows obtaining TiO 2 rich barium titanate ceramics of stoichiometry BaTi 4 O 9 or Ba 2 Ti 9 O 20 . These compounds are important in modern electronics due to their required dielectric properties and grains' size that can be preserved in nanometric range. The morphology studies, structural characterization, and dielectric investigations were performed simultaneously in each step of Ba-TN calcinations in order to properly characterize type of obtained ceramic, its grains' morphology, and dielectric properties. The Ba-TN precursor can be sintered at given temperatures, so that its dielectric permittivity can be tuned between 25 and 42 with controlled temperature coefficients that change from negative 32 ppm/ ∘ C for Ba-TN sintered at 900 ∘ C up to positive 37 ppm/ ∘ C after calcination at 1300 ∘ C. XRD analysis and Raman investigations performed for the Ba-TN in the temperature range of 900 ÷ 1250 ∘ C showed that below 1100 ∘ C we obtained as a main phase BaTi 4 O 9 , whereas the higher calcinations temperature transformed Ba-TN into Ba 2 Ti 9 O 20 . Taking into account trend of device miniaturization and nanoscopic size requirements, temperatures of 900 ∘ C and 1100 ∘ C seem to be an optimal condition for Ba-TN precursor calcinations that guarantee the satisfactory value of dielectric permittivity ( = 26 and 32) and ceramic grains with a mean size of ∼180 nm and ∼550 nm, respectively.