Synthesis and characterization of maleated glycidyl 3‐pentadecenyl phenyl ether as a functionalized plasticizer for styrene–butadiene rubber/carbon black/silica composites

Abstract

Maleated glycidyl 3-pentadecenyl phenyl ether (M-GPPE) was synthesized from glycidyl 3-pentadecenyl phenyl ether (GPPE), a renewable derivative from cardanol, with maleic anhydride (MAH) by grafting copolymerization. The resulting M-GPPE was used as a functionalized plasticizer for a styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR)/carbon black (CB)/silica composite. The effects of M-GPPE on the development of the filler network, the extent of silica dispersion, the curing characteristics, and the mechanical performance of the composites were studied. Meanwhile, a comparative study was performed between M-GPPE and aromatic oil, a traditional plasticizer used in SBR filler formulations. Gel permeation chromatography and IR and 1 H-NMR analysis results confirmed the occurrence of the grafting reaction between GPPE and MAH and the potential structure of M-GPPE. The thermostability of GPPE was improved by grafting copolymerization with MAH, as shown by thermogravimetric analysis results. The presence of M-GPPE resulted in a shorter curing time and better aging properties in the SBR composite compared with GPPE. The mechanical properties, dynamic mechanical analysis, and transmission electron microscopy analysis showed that the maleate of GPPE could enhance the compatibility between SBR and silica, improve the dispersion of silica in SBR, and partially replace the aromatic oil in the SBR/CB/silica composite formulation.

Reinforcing styrene butadiene rubber with lignin-novolac epoxy resin networks

“…compounds and SBR/F51 compounds As shown in Figure 7 and Table 2, the T 90 of SBR/ F51 compounds is increased significantly with the increasing loading of F51, indicating that F51 delays the vulcanization, which is ascribed to the consumption of rubber additives by epoxy group of F51 [27]. The T 90 of SBR and SBR/50lignin is 11.18 and 39.54 min respectively, indicating that incorporation of lignin in rubber matrix delays the vulcanization of rubber matrix, which is ascribed to the adsorption between lignin and vulcanization additives [14].…”

Short Nylon Fibers Waste Modified with Glycidyl 3-Pentadecenyl Phenyl Ether to Reinforce Styrene Butadiene Rubber Tread Compounds

“…Our previous research results had confirmed that short nylon fibers waste maintained their length upon mixing and had reinforcing effects on Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer rubber [25]. Moreover, in our lab we had successfully employed Glycidyl 3-Pentadecenyl Phenyl Ether (GPPE), a renewable derivative from cashew nut industry, as a compatibilizer to improve the interface adhesion between SBR and nanoparticle fillers [26,27]. The presence of the epoxy propyl ether group and C 15 unsaturated side chain in GPPE molecule, as shown in Figure 1, facilitates chemical reactions of GPPE with many chemical compounds [28].…”

Lubrication and plasticization behavior of large-size micro-spherical structured SiO2 for natural rubber

“…Usually, the mechanical property of a plasticized rubber is drastically destroyed. [23][24][25][26] Keeping this fact into consideration, the results are analyzed. Flex fatigue property of composites is mainly considered.…”

“…However, because of the diffusion of the low-molecularweight oily plasticizers in the rubber matrix, these oil-plasticized rubber compounds are subjected to the oozing of oil to the rubber surface and the evaporation of oil at elevated temperatures, leading to the decrease of the mechanical properties over time, especially for stiffness and ex fatigue property. [23][24][25][26] What is worse, they oen migrate or volatilize from polymer matrix due to the low-molecular-weight leading to serious environmental pollutions. 25 Then much attention has been focused on the research of polymeric plasticizers in recent years.…”