Synthesis and characterization of metal sulfide clusters for toxicological studies

Bowles, Karl C.; Bell, Russell A.; Ernste, Michael J.; Kramer, James R.; Manolopoulos, Helen; Ogden, Nancy

doi:10.1002/etc.5620210402

Cited by 21 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Monovalent silver has a strong affinity to bind to sulfide, particularly when compared to other metals such as Fe 2+ . While the AVS measurement methodology is not expected to fully extract (nonacid soluble) Ag 2 S, 49 the presence of other forms of sulfide (such as FeS) suggests that sulfide is available to bind or sorb Ag(+I) in the sediments.…”

Section: ■ Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Transformation and Fate of Manufactured Ag Nanoparticles in a Simulated Large Scale Freshwater Emergent Wetland

Lowry

Espinasse

Badireddy

et al. 2012

Environ. Sci. Technol.

363

298

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Transformations and long-term fate of engineered nanomaterials must be measured in realistic complex natural systems to accurately assess the risks that they may pose. Here, we determine the long-term behavior of poly(vinylpyrrolidone)-coated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in freshwater mesocosms simulating an emergent wetland environment. AgNPs were either applied to the water column or to the terrestrial soils. The distribution of silver among water, solids, and biota, and Ag speciation in soils and sediment was determined 18 months after dosing. Most (70 wt %) of the added Ag resided in the soils and sediments, and largely remained in the compartment in which they were dosed. However, some movement between soil and sediment was observed. Movement of AgNPs from terrestrial soils to sediments was more facile than from sediments to soils, suggesting that erosion and runoff is a potential pathway for AgNPs to enter waterways. The AgNPs in terrestrial soils were transformed to Ag 2 S (∼52%), whereas AgNPs in the subaquatic sediment were present as Ag 2 S (55%) and Ag-sulfhydryl compounds (27%). Despite significant sulfidation of the AgNPs, a fraction of the added Ag resided in the terrestrial plant biomass (∼3 wt % for the terrestrially dosed mesocosm), and relatively high body burdens of Ag (0.5−3.3 μg Ag/g wet weight) were found in mosquito fish and chironomids in both mesocosms. Thus, Ag from the NPs remained bioavailable even after partial sulfidation and when water column total Ag concentrations are low (<0.002 mg/L).

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Section: ■ Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Transformation and Fate of Manufactured Ag Nanoparticles in a Simulated Large Scale Freshwater Emergent Wetland

Lowry

Espinasse

Badireddy

et al. 2012

Environ. Sci. Technol.

363

298

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“…Inorganic arsenic species were measured using the Bednar method (25) in which the uncharged arsenic species As III was separated from porewater and preserved in the field. Acid volatile sulfide (AVS) (26,27) was quantified in whole sediment samples from the box core. Laboratoryleaching experiments were conducted on a bulk coal ash sample that was collected from the Cove area (Figure 1) soon after the spill.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Impacts of the Coal Ash Spill in Kingston, Tennessee: An 18-Month Survey

Ruhl

Vengosh

Dwyer

et al. 2010

Environ. Sci. Technol.

142

122

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An 18 month investigation of the environmental impacts of the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) coal ash spill in Kingston, Tennessee combined with leaching experiments on the spilled TVA coal ash have revealed that leachable coal ash contaminants (LCACs), particularly arsenic, selenium, boron, strontium, and barium, have different effects on the quality of impacted environments. While LCACs levels in the downstream river water are relatively low and below the EPA drinking water and ecological thresholds, elevated levels were found in surface water with restricted water exchange and in pore water extracted from the river sediments downstream from the spill. The high concentration of arsenic (up to 2000 µg/L) is associated with some degree of anoxic conditions and predominance of the reduced arsenic species (arsenite) in the pore waters. Laboratory leaching simulations show that the pH and ash/water ratio control the LCACs' abundance and geochemical composition of the impacted water. These results have important implications for the prediction of the fate and migration of LCACs in the environment, particularly for the storage of coal combustion residues (CCRs) in holding ponds and landfills, and any potential CCRs effluents leakage into lakes, rivers, and other aquatic systems.

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“…The Cd concentration in sediment was confined to the range of reported values [17,18]. The CdS (s) used in the experiments was generated by dissolving equimolar quantities of Na 2 SÁ9H 2 O (s) and CdCl 2 Á2½H 2 O (s) in deaerated deionized water and aging the solution for 3 d in an anaerobic chamber [20].…”

Section: Microcosm Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of cyclic changes in pH and salinity on metals release from sediments

Hong

Kinney

Reible

2011

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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The effects of dynamic changes in pH and salinity on metal speciation and release are investigated with sediments posed in a simulated estuarine environment. The release of Zn, Cd, Mn, and Fe was studied using sediment from the Anacostia River (Washington, DC, USA) spiked with freshly precipitated amorphous cadmium sulfide to increase Cd content. The sediment was exposed to salt water (high pH, ionic strength) and freshwater (neutral pH, minimal ionic strength) continuously and alternately (to mimic tidal changes) in small microcosms over 100 d. At the conclusion of the experiments, the vertical profiles of acid volatile sulfide (AVS) and simultaneously extracted metals (SEM) as well as porewater metals and anion concentrations were characterized. Acid volatile sulfide oxidation at the sediment surface led to a commensurate increase in dissolved metal species and metal release that was strongly dependent on the changes in the overlying water characteristics. Total Cd release was substantially higher during exposure to salt water, although, as a result of complexation, predicted dissolved Cd(2+) concentration in the overlying water was higher during exposure to freshwater. Total Zn release was little changed during exposure to salt water and freshwater, although the predicted dissolved Zn(2+) concentration was much higher during freshwater exposures. No significant iron was released because of the rapid oxidation of ferrous iron (Fe(2+)) in aerobic surficial sediments and overlying water. The present study suggests that cyclic changes in pH and salinity in the overlying water can dramatically influence metal release from estuarine sediments.

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Synthesis and characterization of metal sulfide clusters for toxicological studies

Cited by 21 publications

References 26 publications

Long-Term Transformation and Fate of Manufactured Ag Nanoparticles in a Simulated Large Scale Freshwater Emergent Wetland

Long-Term Transformation and Fate of Manufactured Ag Nanoparticles in a Simulated Large Scale Freshwater Emergent Wetland

Environmental Impacts of the Coal Ash Spill in Kingston, Tennessee: An 18-Month Survey

Effects of cyclic changes in pH and salinity on metals release from sediments

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