Synthesis and characterization of NiFe₂O₄ nanoparticles using the hydrothermal method as magnetic catalysts for electrochemical detection of norepinephrine in the presence of folic acid

Abstract

In this article, we present a simple and efficient method to synthesize a magnetic NiFe2O4 nanocatalyst under hydrothermal conditions. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX) analyses confirmed the synthesis of NiFe2O4 nanoparticles. These nanoparticles showed satisfactory catalytic activity for determination of norepinephrine (NE) in the presence of folic acid (FA) using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) methods. Differential pulse voltammetry peak currents of NE increased linearly with their concentrations in the range of 1.0 × 10−7–5.0 × 10−4 M, and the detection limit for NE was 2.3 × 10−8 M, respectively. The modified electrode displayed strong function for resolving the overlapping voltammetric responses of NE and FA into two well‐defined voltammetric peaks. In the mixture containing NE and FA, the two compounds can well separate from each other with a potential difference of 510 mV between NE and FA, which was large enough to determine NE and FA individually and simultaneously. Additionally, the prepared electrochemical sensor demonstrated a practical feasibility for real sample determination.

NiFe2O4nanoparticles: an efficient and reusable catalyst for the selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde under mild conditions

“… 14 Safaei et al presented a simple and efficient method to synthesize a magnetic NiFe 2 O 4 nanocatalyst under hydrothermal conditions at 200 °C for 24 h using urea and polyethylene glycol (PEG) as additives. 15 Paul et al reported a novel and facile approach for the synthesis of spinel NiFe 2 O 4 NPs employing homogeneous chemical precipitation followed by hydrothermal treatment using tributylamine (TBA) as a hydroxylating agent in the presence of PEG as a surfactant. 16 Karaagac et al synthesized NiFe 2 O 4 NPs of different sizes and shapes in a two-step co-precipitation/hydrothermal process by varying the temperature between 125 and 200 °C for 40 h. 17 Li et al reported the synthesis of nanocrystalline NiFe 2 O 4 via a hydrothermal method at 160 °C for 6 h assisted with homogeneous co-precipitation at low temperatures in the presence of urea.…”

Literature Review: Synthesis Methods of NiFe2O4 Nanoparticles for Aqueous Battery Applications

“…Constant with the pH of the mixed solution ranging from 8.0 to 10.0 [9,28,29]. NaOH acts as a precipitating agent [30] and uses urea as a precipitating agent [31]. The solution was stirred with a magnetic stirrer for 30 minutes.…”

Techno-Economic Analysis of the NiFe2O4 Nanoparticles for Vehicle Battery Application Using the Hydrothermal Synthesis Method

“…There are several methods of NiFe2O4 synthesis reported by researchers, including the hydrothermal method [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18], coprecipitation [19][20][21][22][23], citrate precursor [24][25][26], mechanical alloy [27][28][29], sonochemical [30][31][32][33][34][35], reverse micelle [36][37][38][39][40], sol-gel [41][42][43], and pulsed wire discharge [44][45][46]. The most appropriate method used in economic evaluation is hydrothermal because the reaction process is simple, the raw materials are easy to obtain, and are environmentally friendly, and do not require high temperatures in the calcination process.…”