Synthesis and characterization of novel flake-shaped carbonyl iron and water-based magnetorheological fluids using laponite and oleic acid with enhanced sedimentation stability

Maurya, Chandra Shekhar; Sarkar, Chiranjit

doi:10.1177/1045389x20987001

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…, the first region is a linear viscoelastic region (LVE) and the second region is a nonlinear viscoelastic region [16]. The LVE region was detected at a small strain amplitude, where ' G was independent of applied strain amplitude.…”

Section: Amplitude Sweep Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field-Induced Viscoelastic and Creep and Recovery Behavior of Water-Based MR Fluids Using Bentonite and Oleic Acid as an Additive

Maurya

Sarkar

2022

MSF

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The viscoelastic and creep and recovery behaviors of a carbonyl iron (CI)-water-based magnetorheological fluid (MRF) were studied under dynamic and constant loading conditions. The feature of MR fluid is to change from liquid to semi-solid state just in a few milliseconds after applying a magnetic field. ThereforeMR fluid is a kind of smart material whose rheological properties change with step-change in a magnetic field. We prepared MR fluids comprising CI 65 wt%, water 35 wt %, bentonite 3 wt %, and oleic acid 1 wt %. Because bentonite with nanosized fills the voids between the CI particles, it was used with oleic acid to enhance the MR response of the CI/water suspension. The strain amplitude tests reveal that MR fluid behaves as a viscoelastic material in the LVE range and a transition of fluid occurred from linear viscoelastic to non-linear viscoelastic behavior at the critical strain of 0.1%. Its storage moduli confirmed a steady plateau region for the entire angular frequency range, suggesting the well-known solid-like behavior of the MR suspension. The creep and recovery result signified that as the magnetic field increased, the instantaneous creep strain contributions decreased dramatically.

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Section: Amplitude Sweep Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field-Induced Viscoelastic and Creep and Recovery Behavior of Water-Based MR Fluids Using Bentonite and Oleic Acid as an Additive

Maurya

Sarkar

2022

MSF

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“…A critical value of strain g crt = 0:1% classified two characteristics region: linear viscoelastic (LVE) region and nonlinear viscoelastic region. Over the small strain area g ł g crt , the storage modulus G 0 À Á of the CI/Fe 3 O 4 sample showed a plateau region and G 0 independent of strain amplitude, known as the linear viscoelastic (LVE) region (Maurya and Sarkar, 2021). In LVE region G 00 indicated nonlinear behavior with an increase in value with the strain amplitude.…”

Section: Dynamic Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic and creep and recovery performance of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticle and carbonyl iron microparticle water-based magnetorheological fluid

Maurya

Sarkar

2021

Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures

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This study investigates dynamic mechanical properties and creep and recovery behaviors of disc-shaped magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles with carbonyl iron (CI) flake-shaped microparticles in water-based MR fluid. The experimental study is performed using a parallel plate rheometer. Dynamic performance and creep and recovery behaviors help understand deformation mechanism for its practical applications in MR devices like seismic vibration control, active dampers, earthquake dampers, etc., under applied strain, and stress levels. The oscillatory experiment reveals a transition from viscoelastic-to-viscous behavior at the critical strain of 0.1%. The storage modulus [Formula: see text] of CI/Fe3O4 MR fluid showed a stable plateau region over the small strain area and storage modulus [Formula: see text] independent of strain amplitude. The frequency experiment demonstrated that storage moduli [Formula: see text] exhibit elastic response and stable plateau region over the complete external frequency range, suggesting the distinguished solid-like behavior of the MR fluid. Creep and recovery experiments showed that fluid acts as a linear viscoelastic material at lower stress levels. As the stress levels increase, the contribution of retardation strain and viscous strain decreases, and it acts like nonlinear viscoelastic material. In summary, this work is expected to obtain MR fluid results for application in MR devices under applied strain, frequencies, and constant stress levels.

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“…8a). Maurya et al [39] include laponite as an additive and oleic acid as a surfactant while preparing water-based MR fluid. A notable enhancement in the MR attributes has been achieved along with the improved sedimentation stability and the storage moduli exhibit a stable plateau area for various angular frequencies, indicating the illustrious solidalike behavior of the prepared fluid.…”

Section: Additives In Mr Fluidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetorheological fluids: A comprehensive review

Chauhan,

Kumar,

Sham

2024

Manufacturing Rev.

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The magnetorheological (MR) fluids contain magnetic micro-sized iron particles, non-magnetic-based fluid, and some additives in order to mitigate sedimentation and agglomeration. The various carrier fluids used in the preparation of MR fluids are mineral oil, silicon oil, castor oil, soybean oil, kerosene, synthetic oils, honge oil, organic oil, water-based oils, etc. However, for obtaining better vibration control, silicone oil is the most preferred one due to its higher viscosity index, lower friction characteristics, higher flash point, and higher shear strength. The MR fluids have various application areas such as dampers, prosthetic knees, valves, brakes, clutches, finishing processes etc. The dampers containing MR fluids are used in automobile cushioning for enhancing passenger comfort and MR suspensions significantly improve steering stability in vehicles. In case of MR brakes, the braking torque on the rotating disks is controlled using the generated shear stress. The carbonyl iron (CI) particles exhibit better rheological characteristics as compared to electrolytic iron (EI) particles. The use of MR fluids produces stable and natural limb movement in orthoses, lower limb prostheses, and exoskeletons. The MR fluids also prove to be very significant in polishing applications. There are various issues with preparation methods and difficulties in the storage of MR fluids. The problems encountered in the synthesis of MR fluids include sedimentation, agglomeration, in-use thickening, corrosion, erosion, etc. The impact of particle proportion, particle shapes, and size has been influential in evaluating MR characteristics. The viscosity and shear stress of MR fluid have been mitigated at higher values of temperature and even CI particles get oxidized at higher temperatures. The CI particles as compared to EI particles are the majority favourable particles used for dispersing state within the MR fluids due to their higher value of saturation magnetization, more availability, and lesser cost. The small-sized particles led to lower wettability, whereas larger-sized particles accounted for an increased sedimentation rate. The currently available MR fluids cost is still on the higher side and the preparation of economical MR fluid is still a big challenge for the researchers. The MR fluids storage is also a big concern. The future scope of MR fluid may be in heavy industries such as nuclear, shipbuilding, oil and gas, space and aviation, etc. to achieve the desired damping response.

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Synthesis and characterization of novel flake-shaped carbonyl iron and water-based magnetorheological fluids using laponite and oleic acid with enhanced sedimentation stability

Cited by 13 publications

References 66 publications

Field-Induced Viscoelastic and Creep and Recovery Behavior of Water-Based MR Fluids Using Bentonite and Oleic Acid as an Additive

Field-Induced Viscoelastic and Creep and Recovery Behavior of Water-Based MR Fluids Using Bentonite and Oleic Acid as an Additive

Dynamic and creep and recovery performance of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticle and carbonyl iron microparticle water-based magnetorheological fluid

Magnetorheological fluids: A comprehensive review

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Synthesis and characterization of novel flake-shaped carbonyl iron and water-based magnetorheological fluids using laponite and oleic acid with enhanced sedimentation stability

Cited by 13 publications

References 66 publications

Field-Induced Viscoelastic and Creep and Recovery Behavior of Water-Based MR Fluids Using Bentonite and Oleic Acid as an Additive

Field-Induced Viscoelastic and Creep and Recovery Behavior of Water-Based MR Fluids Using Bentonite and Oleic Acid as an Additive

Dynamic and creep and recovery performance of Fe3O4 nanoparticle and carbonyl iron microparticle water-based magnetorheological fluid

Magnetorheological fluids: A comprehensive review

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Dynamic and creep and recovery performance of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticle and carbonyl iron microparticle water-based magnetorheological fluid