Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Phyto-Mediated Catalyst, and Its Application for a Selective Oxidation of (VAL) into Vanillin under Visible Light

Abstract

Here, we report an efficient and highly selective oxidation of lignin model substrate using phyto-mediated ZnFe2O4 nanoparticle using Boswellia carterii extract. The nanocatalyst with an average size of 8 nm showed excellent photocatalytic activity of the synthesized carbonyl containing products under visible light irradiation. The catalytic activity and selectivity towards oxidation of vanillyl alcohol to vanillin with selectivity up to 99% at conversion over 98% and turn-over frequency values up to 1600 h−1 were obtained in the presence of H2O2 and base. The cubic spinel nano-ZnFe2O4 catalyst was characterized by powder-XRD, FESEM, HR-TEM and Mössbauer analysis. The demonstrated catalyst was robust and stable under the reaction conditions. Furthermore, it was easy to be separated from the reaction mixture and be reused for subsequent reactions up to 5 times without significant reactivity or selectivity loss.

In vitro anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant activities of ZnFe2O4and CrFe2O4nanoparticles synthesized usingBoswellia carteriresin

“…The average crystallite size of these nanoparticles was calculated to be about 20.54 nm using the Debye–Scherrer equation (Figure 1e, f). As for spinel ZnFe 2 O 4 , the characterization data are similar to the previously reported XRD of nanoparticles with an average particle size of 18 (Al‐Hunaiti et al., 2020). The analysis of SEM image fitting data confirms that the average size of chromium iron oxide and zinc iron oxide particles was 22.7 and 18.5 nm, respectively (Figure 2).…”

Nano-Magnetic NiFe2O4 and Its Photocatalytic Oxidation of Vanillyl Alcohol—Synthesis, Characterization, and Application in the Valorization of Lignin

“…The procedure of preparing the plant extract was described previously [ 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 ]. The Boswellia carterii resin was washed several times, and 200 g of plant segments were ground and mixed with 200 mL distilled water, and subsequently the mixture was refluxed at 90 °C for 3 h. The filtered extract was then used for the synthesis of the ferrite nanoparticles.…”

Nitrogen‐doped Titanium Dioxide for Enhanced Photocatalytic Oxidation of Vanillyl Alcohol into Vanillin

“…Among the lignin valorization products, vanillin has a broad application in food, pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and cosmetic [6] . Traditionally, vanillin is synthesized by glyoxylic and nitrose methods from guaiacol in industry [7] .…”