Synthesis and characterization of novel heteroleptic Ru(II) bipyridine complexes for dye-sensitized solar cell applications

Synthesis and Study of the Physical and Photovoltaic Properties of Novel Heteroleptic Ruthenium(II) Complexes Ligated with Highly π-Conjugated Bipyridine Ancillary and Phenanthroline Anchoring Ligand for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

“…e anchoring ligands, which would enable the efficient chemisorption of the sensitizers onto the mesoporous oxide (dcphen and its π-conjugated dcvphen analog), were synthesized following reported protocols (Scheme 1(a)) [16,18]. ree ancillary ligands (4,4′-bis{2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl) ethenyl}-2,2′-bipyridine (dmpbpy), 4,4′-bis{2-(1,1′-biphenyl)-4-ylethenyl}-2,2′-bipyridine (bpbpy), and 4,4′-bis{2-(4′-methoxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-ylethenyl}-2,2′-bipyridine (mbpbpy)) were synthesized over multiple steps starting from 4,4′-dimethylbipyridine following the methods reported in the literature [19]. First, 4,4′-dimethylbipyridine was converted to the phosphonate-functionalized bipyridine intermediate 4,4′-bis (diethylphosphonomethyl)-2,2′bipyridine (7).…”

“…Prepared two anchoring ligands and three ancillary ligands were used for the synthesis of six new heteroleptic ruthenium(II) complexes (Scheme 2). Ruthenium(II) complexes (11a-11f; [Ru(L 1 )(L 2 )(NCS) 2 ]) containing carboxylic acid-functionalized anchoring and ancillary ligands were prepared following a typical one-pot procedure (Seo et al, 2019). [RuCl 2 (p-cymene)] 2 was reacted with an ancillary ligand (L 1 � dmpbpy, bpbpy, or mbpbpy) in N,N′dimethylformamide (DMF) as the solvent under an atmosphere of nitrogen in the dark.…”

“…4,7-Dicarboxy-1,10phenanthroline (dcphen) and 4,7-bis(E-carboxyvinyl)-1,10phenanthroline (dcvphen) were prepared following previously reported protocols [16]. 4,4′-Bis{2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl) ethenyl}-2,2′-bipyridine (dmpbpy), 4,4′-bis{2-(1,1′biphenyl)-4-ylethenyl}-2,2′-bipyridine (bpbpy), and 4,4′-bis {2-(4′-methoxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-ylethenyl}-2,2′-bipyridine (mbpbpy) were prepared following previously reported protocols [19]. 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra were recorded using a 400 MHz NMR system (Jeol, Tokyo, Japan).…”

“…Consequently, a series of novel heteroleptic ruthenium(II) complexes and dinuclear ruthenium(II) complexes that exhibited satisfactory PCE were synthesized. A series of compounds were synthesized by varying the ancillary and/or anchoring ligands [15][16][17][18][19]. During the course of our study, we realized that anchoring ligands other than the bcbpy-or terpyridinetype ligands could be used for the fabrication of efficient DSSCs.…”