Synthesis and characterization of PEDSCD and its application as a flame retardant in epoxy resins

Zhang, Yi

doi:10.1039/d1ra06116j

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…However, intrinsic flammability restricts its applications in many high-tech areas. It is accordingly urgent to improve the flame retardancy of EP [4,5]. Traditional halogen-containing flame retardants (FRs) produce toxic gases such as dioxins during combustion, which are hazardous to human health and also have a negative effect on the environment [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facile Preparation of a Novel Vanillin-Containing DOPO Derivate as a Flame Retardant for Epoxy Resins

2022

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A novel bio-based flame retardant designated AVD has been synthesized in a one-pot process via the reaction of 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phospha-phenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO), vanillin (VN), and 2- aminobenzothiazole (ABT). The structure of AVD was confirmed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and 1H and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). The curing process, thermal stability, flame retardancy, and mechanical properties of the epoxy resin (EP) modified with AVD have been investigated comprehensively. The extent of curing, the glass transition temperature and the crosslinking density of the blend decreased gradually with increasing AVD content. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was used to demonstrate that the presence of AVD reduced the thermal decomposition rate for EP and enhanced the formation of carbon residue during resin decomposition. A blend of 7.5 wt% AVD (0.52% phosphorus) displays a UL-94V-0 rating and a LOI of 31.1%. Reduction of the peak heat release rate, total heat release rate and total smoke production was 41.26%, 35.70%, and 24.03%, respectively, as compared to the values for pure EP. The improved flame retardancy of the flame retardant epoxy (FREP) may be attributed to the formation of a compact and continuous protective char layer into the condensed phase as well as the release of non-combustible gases and phosphorus-containing radicals from the decomposition of AVD in the gas phase. AVD is a new and efficient biobased flame retardant for epoxy with great prospects for industrial applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facile Preparation of a Novel Vanillin-Containing DOPO Derivate as a Flame Retardant for Epoxy Resins

2022

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“…6(f) , there were PO 3 − and P–O/P O peaks around 134.3 eV and 135.6 eV, demonstrating that phosphorus compounds in APHZ burned primarily to form P 2 O 5 , P 4 O 10 , and polyphosphates. 50 The content of Zn was too low to be detected. Based on these findings, incorporating APHZ in EP would promote a dense multi-element hybridized char layer generation during combustion, preventing further combustion and enhancing the flame-retardant capability of EP composites.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel P/N/Si/Zn-containing hybrid flame retardant for enhancing flame retardancy and smoke suppression of epoxy resins

Li,

Huang,

Liu

et al. 2024

RSC Adv.

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“…4–6 Therefore, improving the fire resistance properties of EP has always been a research hotspot, which has important practical significance for expanding its application. 7–10…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[4][5][6] Therefore, improving the fire resistance properties of EP has always been a research hotspot, which has important practical significance for expanding its application. [7][8][9][10] Generally, traditional flame retardants are mainly halogen-containing and inorganic compounds. [11][12][13] However, some toxic and harmful substances are generated during the combustion of halogen-containing flame retardants, thereby creating a significant threat to human and environmental safety.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of a highly efficient flame retardant containing triazine and pentaerythritol phosphate groups and its intumescent flame retardancy on epoxy resin

Liu

Wei

Xiong

et al. 2022

High Performance Polymers

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A novel phosphorus-nitrogen-containing flame retardant (DOPT) has been successfully synthesized via the substitution reaction of cyanuric chloride, pentaerythritol phosphate and 9, 10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide. The chemical structure of DOPT was confirmed by 1H, 31P and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Then, flame retardants were added to epoxy resin to prepare epoxy resin composites by pouring method. Thermal properties, flame retardancy, and combustion behavior of epoxy resin composites were evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis, vertical burning, limiting oxygen index and cone calorimeter test. Thermogravimetric analysis test showed that the carbon residue rate of DOPT at 800°C reached 52.53%, which indicated that the introduction of high-efficiency char-forming agent triazine and pentaerythritol phosphate groups could significantly improve its char-forming performance and thermal stability. The epoxy resin composite achieved vertical burning V-0 grade and the limiting oxygen index value reached 35.5% when 7 wt% DOPT was incorporated. Furthermore, the cone calorimeter test results manifested that the addition of DOPT stimulated degradation of the epoxy resin matrix during the combustion process and accelerated the formation of an expanded and dense carbon layer. Additionally, the incombustible gas produced during the decomposition of DOPT had played a flame-retardant effect in the gas phase. Hence, compared with neat epoxy resin, the total heat release and total smoke production of the EP-7 wt% DOPT composite decreased by 14.0% and 25.3%, respectively. Moreover, owing to the excellent compatibility and the strong interface effect between DOPT and epoxy resin, the addition of DOPT also enhanced the mechanical and fire resistance properties of the epoxy resin composite. Therefore, it is proposed that DOPT could be exploited as an economical and high-efficiency flame retardant, and it has considerable prospects in flame retardant epoxy resin composites.

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Synthesis and characterization of PEDSCD and its application as a flame retardant in epoxy resins

Abstract: In this study, a flame retardant agent, called PEDSCD, is synthesized through a polycondensation reaction.

Cited by 8 publications

References 31 publications

Facile Preparation of a Novel Vanillin-Containing DOPO Derivate as a Flame Retardant for Epoxy Resins

Facile Preparation of a Novel Vanillin-Containing DOPO Derivate as a Flame Retardant for Epoxy Resins

A novel P/N/Si/Zn-containing hybrid flame retardant for enhancing flame retardancy and smoke suppression of epoxy resins

Synthesis of a highly efficient flame retardant containing triazine and pentaerythritol phosphate groups and its intumescent flame retardancy on epoxy resin

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