Synthesis and characterization of phenol‐urea‐formaldehyde foaming resin used to block air leakage in mining

Hu, Xiangming; Zhao, Yanyun; Cheng, Weimin; Wang, Biao; Nie, Wen

doi:10.1002/pc.22867

Cited by 41 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Briefly, 1 mol phenol, 0.5 mol urea, and 2 mol paraformaldehyde were used as reaction monomers to prepare phenol-urea-formaldehyde resin. The reaction was catalyzed using 0.05 mol Ba(OH) 2 Á8H 2 O and stirring the mixture at 75°C for 3 h [20,21]. In the process, all the paraformaldehyde were added only once at the beginning of the reaction, while both phenol and urea were added for several times.…”

Section: Preparation Of Phenol-urea-formaldehyde Resinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of surfactants on the mechanical properties, microstructure, and flame resistance of phenol–urea–formaldehyde foam

Cheng

et al. 2015

Polym. Bull.

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To study the effect of surfactants on the foaming behavior of phenolurea-formaldehyde foam, silicone oil and Tween-80 surfactants were selected to study their effects on the mechanical properties, microstructure, and combustion characteristics of the foams. The results show that the surface tension of the phenol-urea-formaldehyde resins decreased with increasing surfactant concentration. Both the foaming temperature and foaming capacity of the phenol-urea-formaldehyde foam first increased and then decreased with increasing surfactant concentration. The compressive strength and oxygen index of the phenol-urea-formaldehyde foam first decreased and then increased with increasing surfactant concentration, which is probably related to the foaming capacity of the foam. The microstructure of the foams showed that the average pore diameters first increased and then decreased with increasing surfactant concentration. The combination of DC-193 and Tween-80 surfactants significantly improved the compressive strength, uniformity of the cells, and the number of closed cells in the final foam product.

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Section: Preparation Of Phenol-urea-formaldehyde Resinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of surfactants on the mechanical properties, microstructure, and flame resistance of phenol–urea–formaldehyde foam

Cheng

et al. 2015

Polym. Bull.

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“…In order to further reduce formaldehyde emission, phenol (P) is added to the shell material to undergo electrophilic substitution followed by polycondensation with formaldehyde under alkaline conditions. 21 –24 Jadhav et al 22 studied in situ polymerization of a phenol–formaldehyde microcapsule to be used as a film for healing car paint or coating cracks. Negligible residual formaldehyde was found in the microcapsules, which enabled the capsules to make direct contact with the human body.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of synthetic conditions on the performance of melamine–phenol–formaldehyde resin microcapsules

Cheng

et al. 2018

High Performance Polymers

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Melamine (M), phenol (P) and formaldehyde (F) were used as raw materials to synthesize a melamine–phenol–formaldehyde resin (MPF) which was used as shell material to prepare a self-healing microcapsule with E-51 epoxy resin as the core, via in situ polymerization. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, environmental scanning electron microscopy and laser particle size analysis were used to characterize the surface morphology, structure and properties of the microcapsule. The influence of the reaction conditions on the properties of the microcapsule was investigated by orthogonal testing. The mass ratio between the MPF shell and the epoxy resin core was found to be 1.2:1.0, optimum pH for shell formation was found to be 3, the emulsification speed was 800 r/min, the acidification speed was 400 r/min and the acidification temperature was 60°C. Under these conditions, the prepared microcapsules are regular and spherical with a smooth, dense surface and uniform particle size with a normal distribution. The microcapsules remained well dispersed and did not aggregate. The orthogonal test revealed that the average particle size and yield of the microcapsules are mainly determined by the core/shell mass ratio, whereas the reaction temperature had a greater impact on the core content of the microcapsules. Although the best microcapsule samples showed poor anti-permeability in ethanol, they exhibited good thermal, isothermal and storage stabilities. This indicates that they may be stored at a constant temperature.

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“…Brownian motion, critical micelle concentration (CMC), viscosity, etc. are greatly influenced by the temperature [12]. For example, the viscosity of the liquid membrane initially increases then drops with increasing liquid phase temperature [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Temperature on Foaming Ability and Foam Stability of Typical Surfactants Used for Foaming Agent

Wang

Guo

Zheng

et al. 2017

J Surfact & Detergents

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111

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Foam has extensive applications in a wide range of industrial fields. Some surfactants are used as foaming agents in the preparation of foam. The performance of the foaming agent directly affects the application of the foam. In this paper, experiments were designed and conducted to reveal the influence of temperature on foaming performance of 10 typical anionic, cationic, nonionic, and amphiprotic surfactants. They were exposed to different temperature conditions to measure the foaming capacity (FC), foaming expansion (FE), and foam's half-life. FC and FE represent foaming ability (FA), and half-life represents foam stability (FS). The results show that the FC increased at elevated foaming temperature, while FS decreased with rising temperature. Anionic surfactants are less affected by temperature and have better FA and longer FS. It seems that 20-30°C is an ideal foaming temperature. This study lays an important foundation for the efficient preparation and utilization of foam in industrial fields.

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Synthesis and characterization of phenol‐urea‐formaldehyde foaming resin used to block air leakage in mining

Cited by 41 publications

References 28 publications

Effects of surfactants on the mechanical properties, microstructure, and flame resistance of phenol–urea–formaldehyde foam

Effects of surfactants on the mechanical properties, microstructure, and flame resistance of phenol–urea–formaldehyde foam

Influence of synthetic conditions on the performance of melamine–phenol–formaldehyde resin microcapsules

Effect of Temperature on Foaming Ability and Foam Stability of Typical Surfactants Used for Foaming Agent

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