Synthesis and characterization of polymeric implant for kyphoplasty

Abstract

Copolymers of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and lauryl methacrylate (LMA) were prepared to obtain injectable ductile materials to be used in restoring vertebra height in kyphoplasty. Copolymers with M(w) in the range of 130,000 and polydispersity of 1.8 were obtained. Several aspects of the effect of adding LMA monomers were examined including intrinsic viscosity, thermal properties, mechanical properties, and the ability to be injected under high pressure. By increasing the amount of LMA, the ductility of the polymer was increased, accompanied by a decrease in Young's modulus and strength. The copolymer with monomers ratio (MMA:LMA) 1:1 v/v possessed the most suitable mechanical properties and injectability, which may have potential clinical use in orthopedics.

Elasticity and safety of alkoxyethyl cyanoacrylate tissue adhesives

“…The elasticities of butoxyethyl- and hexoxyethyl-CA were greater than that of 2-octyl-CA (Dermabond®), which has more or the same number of side-chain carbons, respectively. This may be attributable to the bending and ease of rotation of the ether linkage in each side-chain [30] and by the internal plasticizing effect of the side-chains: increasing side-chain length reduces intermolecular and intramolecular forces which decrease the general order of the polymer [31,32]. Conversely, the adhesive strength of 2-octyl-CA (Dermabond®) was greater than its analog hexoxyethyl-CA (both with eight carbons in the side-chain).…”

Viscoelastic properties of injectable bone cements for orthopaedic applications: State‐of‐the‐art review

“…The first is the new generation of ABCs that address one or more of the long list of drawbacks of commercially available ABCs (in the literature, this new generation of cements has been designated “alternative acrylic bone cements”) 107. Recent examples of alternative acrylic bone cements are (1) a cement that contains a methacrylate whose lower toxicity is lower than that of MMA; specifically, the principal liquid constituents for the new cement are 2‐ethylhexyl methacrylate (EHMA) and trimethylolpropane while poly(EHMA/cyclohexyl methacrylate) beads is the principal powder component108; (2) a cement comprising copolymers of MMA and lauryl methacrylate, in the ratio 1:1 v/v, was considered suitable for use in BKP109; (3) a cement comprising a new class of radiopaque monomer using a copolymer based on MMA and GMA that is made radiopaque by the epoxide ring opening of the GMA, followed by the covalent attachment of elemental iodine110; (4) a PMMA cement reinforced with variable‐diameter ZrO 2 fibers111; (5) a PMMA cement that has reduced toxicity and added osteoconductivity through the incorporation of N‐acetyl cysteine in the liquid monomer112; and (6) a PMMA that is reinforced with TiO 2 ‐SrO nanotubes that are functionalized using a monomeric coupling agent (methacrylic acid) 113…”

Electropolymerized Tricopolymer Based on N-Pyrrole Derivatives as a Primer Coating for Improving the Performance of a Drug-Eluting Stent

“…All aqueous solutions were prepared from deionized water (Barnstead Easy pure UV system). Poly-(lauryl/methyl methacrylate) (bulk molar ratio 7:3; pLM) with an average molecular weight of 145.7 kDa, a polydispersity of 1.59, and T g of -13 °C was synthesized in our laboratory (31). All other materials were of analytical grade.…”

“…The use of copolymers allows one to obtain different physical properties that depend on the ratio and nature of the monomers in the copolymer. pLM was synthesized in our laboratory and found to be applicable for clinical use, especially in orthopedics (31). Different bulk ratios of this copolymer were examined for stent application, considering the optimal mechanical properties, such as the ultimate tensile strength and tensile elongation.…”

“…Here we present electrocoating of tricopolymer (called pN-me mix) based on three N -pyrrole derivatives [ N -methylpyrrole (N-me), N -(2-carboxyethyl)pyrrole (PPA), and the butyl ester of N -(2-carboxyethyl)pyrrole (BuOPy)]. This layer has been examined as a primer coating on a stent, on which a new nonbiodegradable copolymer (called pLM), based on methacrylate derivatives (MMA and LMA) as a drug carrier, was deposited . The pN-me mix coating was characterized by electrochemistry, contact-angle goniometry, atomic force microscopy (AFM), profilometry, and electron and optical microscopy.…”