Synthesis and characterization of ruthenium dioxide nanostructures

In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy Study of Electrochemical Lithiation and Delithiation Cycling of the Conversion Anode RuO2

“…The majority of the nanowires have diameters between 30 and 90 nm, and the lengths vary from 1 to several micrometers, though it should be noted that larger particles are also present and can be seen in Figure b. These results compare well to the few reported growth recipes in the literature. − TEM images show that the nanowires are single-crystal rutile structure, as can been seen in Figure c,d and the corresponding inset.…”

“…RuO 2 nanowires were grown using vapor transport methods available in the literature. − , Silicon wafers were coated with a 2 nm layer of gold, used as a catalyst for nanowire growth, and cut into roughly 1 cm by 1 cm pieces. In a commercially available Atomate Nanowire Growth System, which contains a three-zone furnace, a boat of RuO 2 powder (99.99% Aldrich) was placed at one end of the furnace and the Au-coated Si wafers placed downstream of the gas flow at the far end, each in separate zones.…”

Prediction on the Surface Phase Diagram and Growth Morphology of Nanocrystal Ruthenium Dioxide

“…5, only four different surface structures, that is, (101) _Ru, (110), (110)_O, and (101)_O, are present on the diagram, suggesting that, for a nanocrystal or single crystal of RuO 2 , the dominant facets can possibly be the (101) or (110) only. Our predictions are comparable with all available experimental observations 16,35,[39][40][41][42][43][44] : all the open symbols represent the experimentally observed dominant facets (110) with the corresponding conditions of p O2 and T. The only experimentally observed dominant facet (101) that was reported at p O2 =~e À5.25 within a temperature range between 548 and 623 K 44 is located right inside the (101)_O region on the predicted diagram (marked as a filled ball). Under this oxygen partial pressure (p O2 =~e À5.…”

“…3 and 4, we further constructed the surface phase diagram as shown in Fig. Our predictions are comparable with all available experimental observations 16,35,[39][40][41][42][43][44] : all the open symbols represent the experimentally observed dominant facets (110) with the corresponding conditions of p O2 and T. The only experimentally observed dominant facet (101) that was reported at p O2 =~e À5.25 within a temperature range between 548 and 623 K 44 is located right inside the (101)_O region on the predicted diagram (marked as a filled ball). The phase boundaries here were determined by tracking the transition points of the most stable surface (with the lowest surface energy) at different conditions of p O2 and T. As seen in Fig.…”

Ruthenium oxide–carbon-based nanofiller-reinforced conducting polymer nanocomposites and their supercapacitor applications

“…RuO 2 is one of the most used metal oxides due to easy synthesis, high theoretical capacitance (C sp = 1358 F/g) [124], rapid charge/discharge processes, long life cycle [125,126], and high gravimetric capacity [127]. RuO 2 •xH 2 O has been synthesized by vapor-phase deposition from RuO 4 [128][129][130].…”