Synthesis and characterization of silica-titania catalyst with solid-state technique applying SiO<sub>2</sub> and TiO<sub>2</sub> solid precursors based on variation time of calcination in biodiesel production

Nizar, Umar Kalmar; Putra, Ananda; Sundari, Rita; Dj, Latisma; Etika, Sri Benti; Bahrizal,; Dewata, Indang; Nasra, Edi; Sanjaya, Hary; Oktavia, Budhi; Wardaningsih, S. K. W.

doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1185/1/012030

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…[3][4][5] Silica is found in abundance in the earth's crust, but it is mainly made artificially. [6] Natural silica is found in agricultural wastes such as rice husk (RH) and can be a good alternative source for synthetic silica. [7] RH, which is obtained during the main milling process, is the external covering of rice grains; it is one of the major residues of agriculture, and its improper disposal and burning cause pollution and damage to the land and environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis and Application of Fe₃O₄@RHA@MEL‐SO₃H Nanocatalyst in the Synthesis of 1‐amidoalkyl‐2‐naphthols through a Statistical Approach to Optimize the Reaction Conditions

Shahbazarab

Nasr‐Esfahani

2023

ChemistrySelect

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The future age of sustainable development in organic synthesis requires natural sources with properties such as cost‐effectiveness, biodegradability, availability, durability, and environmentally friendly resources. An instance of material that has these favorable properties is the rice husk ash (RHA) covered the Fe3O4 nanoparticles, followed by melamine sulfonic acid immobilization. In this study, rice husk ash was obtained, and then by adding Fe3O4, melamine, and ClSO3H in different stages and with different solvents, Fe3O4@RHA@MEL‐SO3H nanocatalyst was prepared as a solid acid and characterized using TGA, FT‐IR, EDX, VSM, Fe‐SEM, and XRD methods. Then, the use of Fe3O4@RHA@MEL‐SO3H catalyst as a green nanocatalyst for 1‐amidoalkyl‐2‐naphthols preparation via multi‐component condensation of benzamide, aromatic aldehydes, and 2‐naphthol in solvent‐free conditions was investigated. Considering the important parameters (temperature, reaction time, and catalyst amount) in the reaction since experimental design increase process efficiency, and decrease cost and experimental time, this is the successful technique for the effects of their variables and their interactions. The experimental design was performed to optimize the reaction conditions, and the effect of the three parameters, namely, temperature, reaction time, and catalyst amount were investigated by the response surface methodology (RSM). This study showed that the heterogeneous nanocatalyst has the advantage of being recyclable, which is no trouble separated from the reaction mixture by an external magnet and can be reused up to 9 times; it also has a high product yield, short reaction time, and environmentally and economically good performance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Silica is found in abundance in the earth‘s crust, but it is mainly made artificially [6] . Natural silica is found in agricultural wastes such as rice husk (RH) and can be a good alternative source for synthetic silica [7] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Application of Fe₃O₄@RHA@MEL‐SO₃H Nanocatalyst in the Synthesis of 1‐amidoalkyl‐2‐naphthols through a Statistical Approach to Optimize the Reaction Conditions

Shahbazarab

Nasr‐Esfahani

2023

ChemistrySelect

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“…Secara umum metoda yang digunakan tergantung dengan prekursor yang tersedia. Sol-gel merupakan metoda yang paling umum dan paling banyak digunakan [3], [13] - [14]. Namun demikian, dalam sintesis silika-titania prekursor-prekursor yang digunakan seperti TTiP (Titanium isopropoksida) dan TEOT (sumber Ti) (Tetraetil Ortotitanat) dan TEOS (tetraetil ortosilikat) (sumber Si) relative kurang tersedia dibanding prekuror Si dan Ti dalam bentuk padatan.…”

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Studi Pengaruh Rasio Mol Silika terhadap Titania dalam Pembentukan Koordinasi Titanium Tetrahedral dalam Silika-Titania dengan Metoda Solid State

Yuliani,

Veronita,

Pernadi

et al. 2023

Periodic

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Titanium in tetrahedral coordination shows high activity as a catalyst so that it attracts attention to be researched and developed. In this study, tetrahedral titanium coordination was studied and produced through the Si-O-Ti bond between solid silica precursors and solid titania. Both precursors were mixed in toluene and sonicated for homogeneity. The resulted mixture was calcined at a temperature of 400 o C for 8 hours and then characterized with DRS UV-Vis, XRD and FESEM. The results showed that the synthesis sample experienced an increase in tetrahedral titanium fraction from 27% to almost 34%. Characterization with XRD indicated that the diffraction pattern of the resulting sample is very similar to the titania precursor with a crystalline pattern with an anatase and rutile phases. The morphology of the resulting sample showed that silica samples that did not react with titania experienced agglomeration.

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Synthesis and characterization of silica-titania catalyst with solid-state technique applying SiO₂ and TiO₂ solid precursors based on variation time of calcination in biodiesel production

Cited by 2 publications

References 7 publications

Synthesis and Application of Fe₃O₄@RHA@MEL‐SO₃H Nanocatalyst in the Synthesis of 1‐amidoalkyl‐2‐naphthols through a Statistical Approach to Optimize the Reaction Conditions

Synthesis and Application of Fe₃O₄@RHA@MEL‐SO₃H Nanocatalyst in the Synthesis of 1‐amidoalkyl‐2‐naphthols through a Statistical Approach to Optimize the Reaction Conditions

Studi Pengaruh Rasio Mol Silika terhadap Titania dalam Pembentukan Koordinasi Titanium Tetrahedral dalam Silika-Titania dengan Metoda Solid State

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Synthesis and characterization of silica-titania catalyst with solid-state technique applying SiO2 and TiO2 solid precursors based on variation time of calcination in biodiesel production

Cited by 2 publications

References 7 publications

Synthesis and Application of Fe3O4@RHA@MEL‐SO3H Nanocatalyst in the Synthesis of 1‐amidoalkyl‐2‐naphthols through a Statistical Approach to Optimize the Reaction Conditions

Synthesis and Application of Fe3O4@RHA@MEL‐SO3H Nanocatalyst in the Synthesis of 1‐amidoalkyl‐2‐naphthols through a Statistical Approach to Optimize the Reaction Conditions

Studi Pengaruh Rasio Mol Silika terhadap Titania dalam Pembentukan Koordinasi Titanium Tetrahedral dalam Silika-Titania dengan Metoda Solid State

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Synthesis and characterization of silica-titania catalyst with solid-state technique applying SiO₂ and TiO₂ solid precursors based on variation time of calcination in biodiesel production

Synthesis and Application of Fe₃O₄@RHA@MEL‐SO₃H Nanocatalyst in the Synthesis of 1‐amidoalkyl‐2‐naphthols through a Statistical Approach to Optimize the Reaction Conditions

Synthesis and Application of Fe₃O₄@RHA@MEL‐SO₃H Nanocatalyst in the Synthesis of 1‐amidoalkyl‐2‐naphthols through a Statistical Approach to Optimize the Reaction Conditions