“…3−6 These features of TNTs suggest their potential utility in a variety of applications in catalysis, 7 photocatalysis, 8−17 solar hydrogen generation, 18,19 solar water splitting, 20−25 gas sensors, 26 and lithium-ion batteries. 27−29 Conventional titanate nanostructures (e.g., belts, 30 fibers, 31 flowers, 32 rods, 33 ribbons, 34 tubes, 35 sheets, 36 and wires 37 ) are synthesized using commercially available titanium precursors or Degussa P25 as a seed material via a hydrothermal (HT) process. 38,39 Titanate-based materials have been widely investigated for the removal (or recovery) of rare earth metal ions, heavy metal ions, and radioactive pollutants from the various water sources.…”