Synthesis and characterization of styrene/maleimide copolymer with 4‐[N‐ethyl‐N‐(2‐hydroxyethyl) amino]‐4′‐nitroazobenzene as side chain

Abstract

Relatively low thermal stability of secondorder nonlinear optical (NLO) coefficient due to the relaxation of dipole orientation is a major problem limiting the practical application of these NLO polymers. NLO polymers with suitable T g are always important for optical devices. In the present work a synthetic approach to styrene-(N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) maleimide) copolymer (SHMI) with 4-[N-ethyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl) amino]-4 0 -nitroazobenzene (DR1) as side chain and chromophores has made it possible to efficiently prepare a NLO polymer. The copolymer with high T g of 2028C has low relaxation of dipole orientation. The maximum optical loss at the optical communication wavelength is less than 0.9 dB. NLO coefficient r 33 is 8.2 pm/V (1550 nm) and its maximum relaxation at room temperature is 18%.

The synthesis and optical properties of novel fluorinated polyimides incorporated with highly electro-optic active thiazole and benzothiazole based chromophores

“…In addition the deviation of the band edges for the polymers from the operating wavelengths of the laser for telecommunication may help to decrease the absorption optical loss. According to the method described in the literature [4,33], the hetarylazo chromophores content in FPI-EHNT can be estimated. A series of NMP solutions of the chromophore EHNT with concentration in the range of 1 Â10 À5 -4 Â 10 À5 mol/L were prepared and a calibration curve was drawn from their absorption data in UVeVis spectra at about 601 nm.…”

New side-chain azo-polymers for optical applications: synthesis and characterization

“…to match as much as possible specific application requirements, such as hindrance of excessive chromophore-chromophore interactions, enhanced film-forming, thermal, optical and mechanical properties [4,5,8,14,16]. A wide range of backbones, used as scaffolds for azo-moieties, are reported in literature, like methacrylates [21,26], maleimides [28,29], imides [30,31], thiophenes [32,33], urethanes [34,35], and esters [36,37] to name a few. Different azo dyes have been tailored by aromatic ring substitution [4] to be used in function of their photochromism [1], photoluminescence [38], or nonlinear optical response [14].…”

Patterning Polyelectrolyte Complexes with Alternating Monomer Sequence Distributions

“…20,21 Pfeifer and Lutz first demonstrated the viability of installing distinct maleimides over time during the controlled propagation of polystyrene via atom transfer radical polymerization, 22 which can afford sequence specific polymers via its chain growth writing mechanism. 23 At the molecular level, alternating styrene/maleimide systems have increased chain stiffness 24 and can be easily modified to link pendant groups to the main chain for nonlinear optics, 25,26 supramolecular materials, 27 fluorimetric sensing 28 or polymer electrolytes. 29 However, to the extent of our knowledge, there are no examples to date of bringing this strategy to synthetic designer polyelectrolytes to modulate the physical state of polyelectrolyte complexation.…”