Synthesis and characterization of temperature-sensitive microspheres based on acrylamide grafted hydroxypropyl cellulose and chitosan for the controlled release of amoxicillin trihydrate

Design and Optimization of pH‐Responsive Chitosan‐Coated Zn‐Carboxymethyl Cellulose Hydrogel Bead Carriers for Amoxicillin Trihydrate Delivery

“…On the other hand, when the free drug release was compared with the drug release from the CS‐coated and uncoated beads, It was noticed that nearly 100 % of AMX dissolved in pH 1.2 HCl solution within 15 minutes. In conclusion, it can be said that the encapsulating material significantly decreases the release of AMX [18] . In a previous study, [1b] flurbiprofen‐loaded chitosan‐coated NaCMC/PVA microspheres were produced by cross‐linking with Fe 3+ ions using the water‐in‐oil emulsion cross‐linking technique, and it was observed that CS coating significantly reduced flurbiprofen release.…”

“…The XRD diffractograms of CS‐coated empty bead carriers, AMX, and CS‐coated AMX‐loaded bead carriers are exhibited in Figure 6. The specific peaks were seen at 2θ between 12° and 28.6° because of its crystalline nature [18,19] . In the XRD model of CS‐coated AMX‐loaded bead carriers, sharp characteristic peaks with lower intensity than the intense peaks of the drug were seen at the same diffraction angles as AMX.…”

“…To investigate the presence of AMX in CS‐coated AMX‐loaded bead carriers, the spectra of AMX, CS‐coated empty bead carriers, and CS‐coated AMX‐loaded bead carriers were compared (Figure 3). The most important characteristic peaks in the FTIR spectrum of AMX are listed as follows: CN band NH stretching combination band at 1485 cm −1 , the C=C stretching (benzene ring) at 1520 cm −1 , the C=O stretching (amide I) at 1680 cm −1 , the C=O stretching (β‐lactam ring) at 1770 cm −1 , the amide NH and OH stretching (phenol) at 3440 cm −1 , and CH stretching (benzene ring) at 3020 cm −1 [7a,18] . Comparing the spectrum of CS‐coated AMX‐loaded bead carriers with the spectrum of CS‐coated empty bead carriers, all characteristic bands of AMX are seen in the spectrum of drug‐loaded bead carriers, proof of successful encapsulation of AMX into bead carriers.…”

“…The specific peaks were seen at 2θ between 12°and 28.6°because of its crystalline nature. [18,19] In the XRD model of CS-coated AMXloaded bead carriers, sharp characteristic peaks with lower intensity than the intense peaks of the drug were seen at the same diffraction angles as AMX. This result is evidence that the AMX molecules are dispersed at a crystalline state in the matrix structure.…”

Microcarriers in application for cartilage tissue engineering: Recent progress and challenges

“…Recently, Işiklan et al have prepared temperature-responsive chitosan/hydroxypropyl cellulose blend nanospheres for sustainable flurbiprofen release [ 309 ]. In 2021, Bulut et al introduced temperature-responsive hydroxypropyl cellulose-g-polyacrylamide and chitosan MCs containing amoxicillin trihydrate to ensure the sustained release of the drug by increasing graft yield [ 310 ]. In another study, Yang et al introduced poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) microcarriers that could swell once the temperature increased, and then encapsulated drugs can be released when temperature rises in the joint cavity during exercise or osteoarthritis.…”