Synthesis and characterization of thianthrene-based poly(phenylene sulfide)s with high refractive index over 1.8

Abstract

Highly refractive thianthrene-based poly(phenylene sulfide)s (TPPSs) have been developed. The TPPSs were prepared from 2,7-difluorothianthrene and dithiols, including 4,4 0 -thiobisbenzenethiol (TBBT), m-benzenedithiol (mBDT), or sodium sulfide nonahydrate based on aromatic nucleophilic substitution reactions, and showed excellent thermal stabilities such as relatively high glass transition temperatures in the range of 143-147 C and 5% weight-loss temperatures over 430 C. All of the TPPSs exhibited very high refractive indices reaching 1.8020 along with a high transparency in the visible region and low birefringence in the range of 0.0037-0.0039.

Synthesis and nanoimprinting of high refractive index and highly transparent polythioethers based on thiol‐ene click chemistry

“…The introduction of substituents with a high molar refraction and a small molar volume, such as aromatic rings, halogen atoms except fluorine, sulfur atoms, and metal atoms, efficiently increases the refractive index of the polymers . To date, a variety of high refractive index and highly transparent polymers have been developed by the efficient incorporation of the above components, particularly sulfur atoms and aromatic rings; several examples have accomplished a high refractive index value of over 1.7 . Recently, the processability of high refractive index polymers has been paid much attentions as well as the performance (e.g., high refractive index, high transparency, and high thermal stability) because nano‐ and microfabrication of high refractive index polymers is absolutely necessary for the miniaturization of the opto‐integrated assembly process and devices.…”

“…[4][5][6] To date, a variety of high refractive index and highly transparent polymers have been developed by the efficient incorporation of the above components, particularly sulfur atoms and aromatic rings; several examples have accomplished a high refractive index value of over 1.7. [7][8][9][10] Recently, the processability of high refractive index polymers has been paid much attentions as well as the performance (e.g., high refractive index, high transparency, and high thermal stability) because nano-and microfabrication of high refractive index polymers is absolutely necessary for the miniaturization of the opto-integrated assembly process and devices. Injection molding is commonly used for the fabrication of high refractive index and highly transparent polymers; however, it is not suitable for nanoand microfabrication.…”

Transformation of sulfur to organic-inorganic hybrids employed by networks and their application for the modulation of refractive indices

“…It was demonstrated that the final products can work as a highly efficient active layer as an electrolyte in the lithium battery. Especially, an introduction of sulfur element into the polymer structure is one of the valid strategies for developing high‐refractive index plastics with a high Abbe number, while there are very few examples to demonstrate the optical materials made directly by sulfur (S 8 ) as a starting material. Hence, the development of new application manners with sulfur is of significance especially in the industrial fields in terms of the effective utilization of limited resources.…”

“…Especially, an introduction of sulfur element into the polymer structure is one of the valid strategies Additional Supporting Information may be found in the online version of this article. for developing high-refractive index plastics 13 with a high Abbe number, [14][15][16][17][18][19] while there are very few examples to demonstrate the optical materials made directly by sulfur (S 8 ) as a starting material. Hence, the development of new application manners with sulfur is of significance especially in the industrial fields in terms of the effective utilization of limited resources.…”

“…,13 C, and29 Si NMR spectra were measured with a JEOL EX-400 (400 MHz for 1 H, 100 MHz for 13C, and 80 MHz for29 Si) spectrometer. Coupling constants (J value) are reported in Hertz.…”