Synthesis and characterization of Ti-WO3 films for electrochromic applications

Pandurangarao, K.; Babu, V. Chitti; Kumar, Vinod

doi:10.1016/j.optmat.2022.113381

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Quenching Cool-down 0.5 The results are consistent with the research of Akgul et al [21], which prepared copper oxide films at different temperatures, resulting in different morphologies, and Pandurangarao et al [22], in which WO₃ films were prepared at various substrate temperatures. Crystallite size is induced to vary with temperature Figure 2 shows the X-ray diffraction analysis of WO₃ films.…”

Section: Annealing Time Conditions Of Annealing (H)supporting

confidence: 87%

Influence of annealing times for W films on the structure and electrochromic properties of anodized WO\(_{3}\) films

THONGJOON,

AIEMPANAKIT,

AIEMPANAKIT

et al. 2024

J Met Mater Miner

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WO3 films were prepared from annealed W films by anodization and annealing at 450℃ for 1 h. The sputtered W films were annealed before anodization at different times for 0.5 h to 2 h, followed by immediate removal from the furnace (quenching) or slow cooling (cool-down). The WO3 films exhibited a different preferred orientation between the (200) and (222) planes. The morphological structure of the WO3 films depended on the annealing time and cooling features of the W films. The WO3 films for the cool-down condition had smaller grains and more pores than the quenching condition. The WO3 films prepared from annealed W for 1.5 h with cool-down showed maximum transmittance change of 48.20% with the diffusion coefficient of 3.533 x 10-7 cm2∙s‒1. The quenching condition can be improved durability of WO3 films. Therefore, annealing time and cooling conditions can be used to design film properties that are suitable for the electrochromic application.

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Section: Annealing Time Conditions Of Annealing (H)supporting

confidence: 87%

Influence of annealing times for W films on the structure and electrochromic properties of anodized WO\(_{3}\) films

THONGJOON,

AIEMPANAKIT,

AIEMPANAKIT

et al. 2024

J Met Mater Miner

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“…Titanium doping is widely employed to enhance the performance of electrochromic materials. For instance, titanium doping significantly impacts the enlargement of grain size in thin films and demonstrates excellent electrochromic properties [9] . Soniya and kaleemulla synthesized titanium-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles using solid-state reaction and vacuum annealing methods, conducting an indepth investigation into their structure, optical properties, elemental composition, and electrical characteristics [10] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence and mechanism of titanium doping on the electrochromic performance of nickel oxide nanofilm

Zhang,

Shen

2024

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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This research investigates the preparation and electrochromic performance of titanium-doped nickel oxide nanofilms. Through chemical bath deposition, nickel oxide doped with various ratios of titanium (NiO) films was successfully synthesized. The study extensively analyzes the structural features and properties of these films using such characterization techniques as X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, among others. The experimental findings highlight that moderate titanium doping (0.3%) notably enhances the porous structure and crystalline properties of NiO films, leading to improved optical modulation (88%), coloring efficiency (CE up to 42.6 cm2/C), and cycle stability (maintaining 61% optical modulation after 500 cycles). However, excessive titanium doping tends to diminish the electrochromic response time. These results underscore the significant impact of titanium doping on the electrochromic performance of NiO films, providing essential insights for their potential applications in smart windows, displays, and related fields.

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“…As a result, the material absorbs the incident light and emits blue light according to the energy gap . WO 3 films can be deposited by various techniques, such as chemical vapor deposition, sputtering, thermal evaporation, electron beam evaporation, hydrothermal processes, spray pyrolysis, sol–gel processes, etc. Among them, sputtering is an industrially adaptable process, as the surface morphology, crystal structure, chemical composition, and electrical properties can be controlled by various parameters, such as the pressure, oxygen content, temperature, deposition time, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Performance Aqueous Electrochromic Battery for Smart Window Application: Mechanistic Insights of Al-Ion (De)Intercalation Kinetics in Thickness-Optimized WO₃

Roy,

Ganesha,

Dutta

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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Aqueous-based electrochromic batteries have significant potential for use in color indicator energy storage, including energy-efficient buildings and wearable devices with visible energy level performance. While many materials have the ability to change color upon ion intercalation, they often have low optical contrasts and capacities. To address these issues, multivalent ions can provide a solution by providing multiple electrons, resulting in a higher optical contrast and capacity. Herein, we propose an Al-ion electrochromic battery with a unique design, utilizing WO 3 as the cathode material, Al metal as the anode, and AlCl 3 as the aqueous electrolyte. Ex situ X-ray diffraction results reveal that the peak position and interlayer spacing of the optimized WO 3 porous thin film (∼170 nm) change during Al-ion intercalation and deintercalation, indicating the high structural stability of the optimized WO 3 electrode. A double cathode-electrochromic battery (DC-EES) device consisting of two cathodes on either side of an Al metal film anode was fabricated and demonstrated superior electrochemical performance due to its increased active surface area and open circuit potential. The device exhibited an open circuit potential of ∼1.2 V and a capacity of ∼155 mAh/ m 2 at 0.5 A/m 2 , which are sufficient values for powering an electronic device. Additionally, the developed device exhibited excellent electrochromic behavior upon discharge with an optical contrast of 68% (transparent and blue). These results show the great potential of Al-ion electrochromic batteries as a cost-effective and high-safety material for applications in smart windows and energy storage displays in modern infrastructures.

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Synthesis and characterization of Ti-WO3 films for electrochromic applications

Cited by 4 publications

References 26 publications

Influence of annealing times for W films on the structure and electrochromic properties of anodized WO\(_{3}\) films

Influence of annealing times for W films on the structure and electrochromic properties of anodized WO\(_{3}\) films

Influence and mechanism of titanium doping on the electrochromic performance of nickel oxide nanofilm

High-Performance Aqueous Electrochromic Battery for Smart Window Application: Mechanistic Insights of Al-Ion (De)Intercalation Kinetics in Thickness-Optimized WO₃

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Synthesis and characterization of Ti-WO3 films for electrochromic applications

Cited by 4 publications

References 26 publications

Influence of annealing times for W films on the structure and electrochromic properties of anodized WO\(_{3}\) films

Influence of annealing times for W films on the structure and electrochromic properties of anodized WO\(_{3}\) films

Influence and mechanism of titanium doping on the electrochromic performance of nickel oxide nanofilm

High-Performance Aqueous Electrochromic Battery for Smart Window Application: Mechanistic Insights of Al-Ion (De)Intercalation Kinetics in Thickness-Optimized WO3

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High-Performance Aqueous Electrochromic Battery for Smart Window Application: Mechanistic Insights of Al-Ion (De)Intercalation Kinetics in Thickness-Optimized WO₃