“…The applied coating strategies can roughly be divided into two major groups: coating with organic shells, including surfactant and polymers (Liu et al, 2004;Hong et al, 2005;Kim et al, 2005) and coating with inorganic components, including silica (Deng et al, 2008) carbon , precious metals, such as silver (Sobal et al, 2002) or gold (Liu et al, 2004), or oxides, which can be created by gentle oxidation of the outer shell of the NPs, or additionally deposited, such as Y 2O3 . The protective shell not only serves to protect the magnetic NPs against aggregation, degradation (metals are sensitive to air, and their susceptibility toward oxidation becomes higher the smaller the particles are) or dissolution, but can also be used for further functionalization with specific components, such as catalytically active species, drugs, specific binding sites or other functional groups (Fig.…”