Highly conducting hybrid materials were prepared from 90 wt% tungstovanadophosphoric heteropoly acids with Dawson structure (H 7 P 2 W 17 VO 62 or H 9 P 2 W 15 V 3 O 62 , abbreviated as P 2 W 17 V or P 2 W 15 V 3 ) and 10 wt% organic polymers (polyvinylpyrrolidone, PVP or polyethylene glycol, PEG). The result reveals that the conductivities of PVP/P 2 W 17 V, PEG/P 2 W 17 V, PVP/P 2 W 15 V 3 , and PEG/P 2 W 15 V 3 are 4.70 × 10 −3 , 1.02 × 10 −2 , 7.03 × 10 −3 , and 2.00 × 10 −2 S · cm −1 at 26 • C and 75% relative humidity, respectively. Their activation energies of proton conduction are 10. 72, 9.51, 14.87 and 13.79 kJ · mol −1 , which are lower than that of the pure heteropoly acids. The mechanism of proton conduction of hybrid materials are Grotthuss mechanisms.Heteropoly acids (HPAs) and their polyoxometalates (POMs) have attracted considerable attention because of fundamental interest and potential applications. 1 They can be used in fuel cells and supercapacitors due to their properties of fast charge transfer, high conductivity, and good thermal stability. 2 However, the strong influence of humidity on their proton conductivities, diffusional problems and continuous leakage during cell operation hinder their practical utilizations. To overcome these disadvantages, HPAs have been dispersed in organic polymer matrices or formed into some of their derivatives. 3 These hybrid materials have the possibility of becoming very useful, having both these advantages of organic materials such as light weight, flexibility, and good moldability and of inorganic materials such as high strength and conductivity, heat stability, and chemical resistance. It is interesting to note that these inorganic-organic materials, in which HPAs (or POMs) were well dispersed in the polymer matrices, have been found promising for electrochemical capacitors. 4 In recent years, studies on the conductivities of hybrid materials based on HPAs (or POMs) with Keggin structure and polymer matrices have been developed rapidly. 5 Some papers have reported that as a kind of proton conductors, the conductivities of hybrid materials are closely related to HPAs' (or POMs') structures in them. However, there are few reports about these hybrid materials prepared by HPAs (or POMs) with Dawson structure and organic polymers. The HPAs with Dawson structure process many protons and water molecules which are related to their conductivities and are benefit for proton conduction. In the present work, based on HPAs (H 7 P 2 W 17 VO 62 and H 9 P 2 W 15 V 3 O 62 , abbreviated as P 2 W 17 V or P 2 W 15 V 3 ) with Dawson structure which we have prepared, we report the preparation, conductivities and conduction mechanism of four hybrid materials containing tungstovanadophosphoric HPAs with Dawson structure and PVP or PEG.
ExperimentalPreparation of hybrid materials.-H 7 P 2 W 17 VO 62 · nH 2 O and H 9 P 2 W 15 V 3 O 62 · nH 2 O were synthesized according to our previous papers. 6,7 Four hybrid materials were obtained using the following processes: HPA (5.4 g) was ...