“…Notably, the 4:1 stoichiometry was missing from a subsequently reported phase diagram and, accordingly, previous authors were unable to prepare Cu 4 V 2 O 9 (see ref and references therein.) Other than the PEC applications of immediate interest within the present study context, copper vanadates are also of technological interest as lithium-intercalating battery cathodes ,,,,, (or even anodes), thermal batteries, , unique magnetic materials, ,,,− flame retardants, photocatalysts for environmental remediation, , or as catalysts in solar thermochemical water splitting cycles. − …”