The
development of readily accessible polymer acceptors is imperative
to preserve the guiding principles of all-polymer solar cells as a
low-cost and sustainable technology for alternative energy production.
In this study, we report a computationally guided design and facile
synthesis of new acceptor polymers comprising the alternating copolymer, PNIT, and the corresponding random copolymer, r-PNIT, which incorporate structurally simple naphthalene diimide (NDI)
and isoindigo (IID) units. PNIT was prepared via direct
arylation polymerization (DArP), which proceeds via C–H activation
and avoids the use of toxic reagents and extended synthetic pathways
for the monomer synthesis. PNIT has broad optical absorption
in the 300–850 nm range and an enhanced absorption coefficient
(47 × 103 cm–1) compared to r-PNIT (300–850 nm; 40 × 103 cm–1). When incorporated in all-polymer solar cells (APSCs)
using PBDB-T as the donor polymer, PBDB-T:PNIT provides greater than two times the average (maximum)
power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 5.18 ± 0.08 (5.32)% compared
to that of PBDB-T:r-PNIT, 2.38 ± 0.16
(2.57)%, due to increased J
sc (10.36 vs 5.45 mA cm–2) and fill factor (FF)
(0.58 vs 0.50) metrics. The PBDB-T:PNIT PCE is among the highest reported for an IID-based APSC
and demonstrates the viability of DArP for the synthesis of new APSC
acceptor polymers. Detailed morphological and microstructural investigations
using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and grazing-incidence wide-angle
X-ray scattering (GIWAXS), respectively, reveal enhanced texturing
for PNIT, which enhances charge transport properties
as supported by space-charge-limited current (SCLC) mobility measurements.