“…To overcome these disadvantages, extensive derivation efforts have been continuously carried out in many research laboratories all over the world. As it was found that the sugar moiety of etoposide was not essential for topoisomerase II inhibition (Ren, Wu, Xin, Chen, & Hu, ; Zhao et al., ), several potential C4‐non‐sugar substituted derivatives of 4′‐demethyl‐PPT (Kamal, Ashwini Kumar, Suresh, Juvekar, & Zingde, ; Kumar et al., ; Li et al., ; Sun et al., ; Tang et al., ; Zhang, Chen, Zhang, Chen, & Wang, ; Zhang et al., ) such as GL‐331 ( 4 ) (Huang et al., ; Lee, ), NK‐611 (Utsugi et al., ), NPF, and TOP‐53 ( 5 ) were brought into human clinical trials. However, they did not proceed further (Mross et al., ).…”