Synthesis and evaluation of ashless detergent/dispersant additives for lubricating engine oil

Abstract

Purpose – The aim of this paper is to solve the problem of carbonaceous deposits in automotive engines by preparing different ashless detergent/dispersant additives based on propylene oxide (PO) and different amines. Carbonaceous deposits in automotive engines are the major problems associated with oil aging. Efficient detergents and dispersants have been used to solve this problem, particularly in lubricating oils. Design/methodology/approach – The structures of the prepared compounds were confirmed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) for determination of molecular weight. This was followed by the evaluation of the prepared compounds such as detergent/dispersant and antioxidants additives for lubricating engine oil using several techniques such as variation of viscosity ratio, change in total acid number, optical density using infrared techniques, spot method, determination of sludge and determination the potential detergent dispersant efficiency (PDDE). Findings – All the prepared compounds were found to be soluble in lubricating oil. The efficiency of the prepared compounds such as antioxidant and detergent/dispersant additives for lubricating oil was investigated. It was found that the additives have excellent power of dispersion, detergency and the most efficient additives such as antioxidant those prepared by using n,n-dimethyloctadecylamine (NDOA) and di-n-butyl dithio phosphoric acid. Practical implications – The paper includes preparation of new compounds from the reaction of propoxylated amines and different organic acids and evaluates them as detergent/dispersant and antioxidants additives by using several techniques. Originality/value – This paper fulfils an identified need to prepare new compounds from the reaction of propoxylated amines and different organic acids and evaluates them as additives by using different methods. All were found to have better efficiency as compared with commercial additives.

Motor oil degradation during urban cycle road tests

“…Detergency and dispersancy are properties that allow oil to suspend and carry away pollutants from diverse sources such as soot from combustion, metallic particles from wear, corrosion of mechanical parts, and insoluble products resulting from the aging of oil. The blotter oil spot method is an efficient way to evaluate the detergency and dispersancy properties of motor oils [26,27]. The oil spot test for used oils is presented in Fig.…”

A field test method to quantitatively determine oxidation stability of gasoline engine oil

“…Spot test method dates back to the early 1950s. It is one of the oldest techniques used to identify excessive engine soot, evaluate the dispersancy of lubricant, and detect the presence of glycol and other contaminants in engine crankcase lubricants . Spot test method has characteristic of simple operation, low‐cost, and field determination.…”

Detailed chemical analysis of a fully formulated oil using dielectric barrier discharge ionisation–mass spectrometry

“…A balanced range of speciality chemicals are admixed into this base oil as additives, which tailor the formulation to a particular application by altering the physical and chemical properties of the oil. Common additives include antioxidants, detergents, dispersants, antifoaming agents, viscosity modifiers and zinc dialkyldithiophosphates (ZDDPs), amongst others 1–4 …”

“…Common additives include antioxidants, detergents, dispersants, antifoaming agents, viscosity modifiers and zinc dialkyldithiophosphates (ZDDPs), amongst others. [1][2][3][4] Owing to the overall complexity of the resultant product, obtaining detailed information on the chemical composition of FFOs using a single analytical technique is particularly challenging. Analysis of highly complex mixtures is a strength of mass spectrometry (MS), particularly when using mass analysers of high resolving power, or when coupled to a chromatographic technique such as gas or liquid chromatography.…”

“…Common additives include antioxidants, detergents, dispersants, antifoaming agents, viscosity modifiers and zinc dialkyldithiophosphates (ZDDPs), amongst others. 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 …”