“…They are based on the destabilization of the microbial outer membranes or on the chemical modiWcation of the antimicrobial molecules (Rawel, Kroll, & Rohn, 2001;Valenta, Bernkop-Schnurch, & Schwartz, 1997). In particular, molecule modiWcation with hydrophobic ligands and peptic digestion have been proposed to increase antimicrobial activities and expand the action spectra of lysozyme and lactoferrin, respectively (Bernkop-Schnurch, Krist, Vehabovic, & Valenta, 1998;Burn, 1988;Elagamy, 2000;Ibrahim, Kato, & Kobayashi, 1993). The above procedures have a limited practical exploitation in foods due to the toxicity of ligands and to the organoleptic modiWcations induced (Bernkop-Schnurch et al, 1998;Valenta et al, 1997).…”