Synthesis and Investigation of 2,4,6‐Trinitropyridin‐3‐ol and its Salts

Abstract

A series of novel energetic salts of 2,4,6-trinitropyridin-3-ol have been prepared and confirmed structurally. These compounds can be prepared by means of a facile synthetic procedure and show outstanding properties (detonation velocity, detonation pressure, sensitivity toward mechanical stimuli, and temperature of decomposition). They were isolated and characterized by means of elemental analysis, multinuclear (1 H, 13 C) NMR spectro-scopy. The structures in the crystalline state were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction at 296 K. From the calculated standard molar enthalpy of formation (CBS-4 M) and the densities, the Chapman-Jouguet detonation properties were predicted by using the EXPLO5 V6.02 thermochemical computer code. Their sensitivities towards impact and friction were also determined.

3,5‐dinitro‐N2,N6‐bis(2,4,6‐trinitrophenyl)pyrazine‐2,6‐diamine (ZXC‐71): Thermally stable explosives with outstanding properties

“…With the rapid development of modern military science and technology, deep well blasting and aerospace, the increasingly complex use environments and various extreme conditions put forward higher requirements on the heat resistance and energy level of explosives [1][2][3]. As one of the most advanced strategic weapons in some countries, hypersonic weapons have become an important research direction in recent years.…”

“…They can maintain appropriate sensitivity and high energy output and can reliably detonate after long-term exposure to high-temperature environments. Early explosives were mostly energetic compounds with nitramine structures, such as 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazacyclohexane (RDX, melting point: T = 210 °C) and 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetraazacyclooctane (HMX, melting point: T = 280 °C) [3,7]. Due to their low thermal stability, their application range was limited [8].…”

“…From Table 1, it can be observed that these heat-resistant explosives, such as TATB, PYX, ZXC-20, etc., are all based on benzene rings and are characterized by high thermal decomposition temperatures (over 330 °C) and good thermal stability [3,4,7,[9][10]. The alternating arrangement of nitro and amino groups makes TATB highly insensitive.…”

“…Note: [a] Temperature of decomposition. [b] Density at 298 K. [c] Standard molar enthalpy of formation. [d] Detonation velocity. [e] Detonation pressure. [f] Impact sensitivity (BAM drophammer, method 1 of 6). [g] Friction sensitivity (BAM drophammer, method 1 of 6). [h] ref. [3–4]. [i] ref. [8]. [j] ref.…”