Synthesis and kinetic modeling of manganese carbonate precipitated from manganese sulfate solution

Biologically-induced synthetic manganese carbonate precipitate (BISMCP) for potential applications in heavy metal removal

“…The ten diffraction peaks that appeared in BISMCP were indexed at 24.198°; 31.271°; 37.505°; 41.287°; 45.068°; 49.586°; 51.548°; 59.969°; 63.751°; and 67.389°, corresponding to the diffraction planes of (0 1 2); (1 0 4); (1 1 0); (1 1 3); (2 0 2); (0 2 4); (0 1 8); (1 2 2); (2 1 4); and (3 0 0) for crystalline MnCO 3 (rhodochrosite), which were indexed to the hexagonal system of the crystal structure. These results indicated that the particles obtained were rhodochrosite or MnCO 3 material, which was comparable with the results of MnCO 3 material synthesized in previous works [ 3 , 14 , 32 , 60 , 60 ].

Fig.

…”

“…Therefore, these FT-IR results in MCP-4 to MCP-9 suggest that the functional groups of N–H in amine (protein), C O in amide I, and C–O in urethane (carbamic acid) could be due to the formation of BISMCP; it is comparable with the previous results of Enyedi et al [ 26 ]. Since all samples (MCP-4 to MCP-9) contained the CO 3 2− band and FT-IR bands matched to the previous study [ 3 , 26 , 87 , 79 ]; the functional groups in this study can be likewise identified as rhodochrosite mineral or MnCO 3 material [ 3 , 26 , 79 , 86 ].…”

“…The absorption bands at 1641.79 cm −1 in all samples MCP-4 to MCP-9 indeed confirm the existence of C O binding and strong stretching of CO 3 2− in Amide I [ [3] , [80] ]. Moreover, the weak adsorption band at 1081.34 cm −1 is related to symmetric C–O stretching in the urethane group [ 3 , 37 , 61 , 79 , 83 ].…”

“…The absorption bands at 1641.79 cm −1 in all samples MCP-4 to MCP-9 indeed confirm the existence of C O binding and strong stretching of CO 3 2− in Amide I [ [3] , [80] ]. Moreover, the weak adsorption band at 1081.34 cm −1 is related to symmetric C–O stretching in the urethane group [ 3 , 37 , 61 , 79 , 83 ]. In addition, the bands at 805.22 cm −1 are occupied by the phosphate group of the P–CH 3 binding and the strong stretching silicon group of the Si–O binding.…”

“…The broader peak at 3452.24 cm −1 correlated to O–H binding and N–H binding, which were related to the characteristics of the hydroxyl and amino groups and could be attributed to sugars, carboxylic acids, nucleic acids, or amino acids [ 26 ]. The adsorption band at 2974.75 cm −1 with the intensity ratios of CH 2 asymmetric and symmetric stretching of CH 3 bands at 2494.58 cm −1 could indicate the occurrence of long-chain hydrocarbon derivatives, such as lipids and acid esters/sugar alcohol [ 3 ].…”